Reconstruction of the Outbound Learning Model: Synergy of Experiential Learning and Psychospiritualism in Forming the Resilient Character of Prospective Sports Teachers

Abstract

The professional identity of physical education teachers requires not only physical competence but also exceptional leadership and mental toughness. This study is grounded in the necessity to revitalize outbound learning models, which often lean towards recreation rather than structured character building. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct an outbound learning model by synergizing experiential learning with psychospiritual values—encapsulated in the "Nyala Lentera" (Glow of the Lantern) philosophy—to cultivate resilience in pre-service physical education teachers. Employing a qualitative case study method, data were gathered through site-based observations at the Bedengan and Pujon camping grounds in East Java, alongside in-depth interviews with expert practitioners and document analysis of the "Nyala Lentera" program. The results indicate that the integration of psychospiritual reflection into physical outdoor challenges significantly enhances students' self-awareness, emotional regulation, and impact-oriented leadership. The study finds that the natural contours and environmental challenges of the southern East Java region serve as a vital "living laboratory" for this pedagogical shift. In conclusion, the reconstructed model offers a holistic approach to sports pedagogy, suggesting that outdoor education should transition from activity-based to value-based learning. This research provides a strategic framework for physical education departments to produce teachers who are not only physically fit but also mentally resilient and spiritually grounded.