Design of Interactive Animation Media for Visualizing TNFR2 Signal Transduction Pathways in Treg Cell Proliferation
Authors
-
Pinctada Putri Pamungkas
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-0208
-
Dwi Rizki Novitasari
CV. Bimbingan Belajar Assyfa Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-6337
-
Imran Arshad
SAA Technical and Specialized Services Establishment, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7015-3424
Keywords:
Interactive Animation, TNFR2 Signaling, HIV-1 Pathogenesis, Treg Proliferation, Biotechnology EducationAbstract
Understanding complex molecular interactions, such as the HIV-1 infection mechanism involving gp120 and TNFR2-mediated signal transduction, presents a significant pedagogical challenge in higher biological education. Static diagrams often fail to convey the dynamic nature of competitive inhibition by sTNFR2 and the subsequent Treg cell proliferation. This study aims to design and develop interactive animation media specifically tailored to visualize the TNFR2 signaling pathway to enhance student comprehension of cellular physiology. Utilizing the Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model, the media was constructed to illustrate the molecular docking of viral proteins and the downstream signaling cascade leading to TNFR2 expression. Results from expert validation and alpha testing indicate that the interactive animation effectively simplifies abstract concepts, with a high usability score and positive feedback regarding visual clarity and technical accuracy. The integration of this media into the Semester Learning Plan (RPS) provides a transformative instructional tool that bridges the gap between theoretical molecular biology and visual literacy. In conclusion, this interactive media serves as a robust educational innovation for teaching complex viral pathogenesis and immune responses, fostering a more engaging and effective laboratory-based learning environment.
Downloads
References
Abouelhadid, S., Raynes, J., Bui, T., Cuccui, J., & Wren, B. W. (2020). Characterization of posttranslationally modified multidrug efflux pumps reveals an unexpected link between glycosylation and antimicrobial resistance. MBio, 11(6), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02604-20
Andersen, D. S., & Colombani, J. (2024). Wengen’s hidden powers: ROS triggers a TNFR-dependent tissue regenerative pathway in Drosophila. EMBO Journal, 43(17), 3550–3552. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44318-024-00170-w
Aydin, A. (2023). Mobile care app development process: using the ADDIE model to manage symptoms after breast cancer surgery (step 1). Discover Oncology, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-023-00676-5
Bahri, A., Idris, I. S., Muis, H., Arifuddin, M., & Fikri, M. J. N. (2020). Blended Learning Integrated with Innovative Learning Strategy to Improve Self-Regulated Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1), 779 – 794. https://doi.org/10.29333/IJI.2021.14147A
Banerjee, A., Kanwar, M., Das Mohapatra, P. K., Saso, L., Nicoletti, M., & Maiti, S. (2022). Nigellidine (Nigella sativa, black-cumin seed) docking to SARS CoV-2 nsp3 and host inflammatory proteins may inhibit viral replication/transcription and FAS-TNF death signal via TNFR 1/2 blocking. Natural Product Research, 36(22), 5817–5822. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.2018430
Binzagr, F., Naseem, A., Farooq, M. U., & Alromema, N. (2025). TNFR-LSTM: A Deep Intelligent Model for Identification of Tumour Necroses Factor Receptor (TNFR) Activity. IET Systems Biology, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1049/syb2.70007
Chauviat, A., Meyer, T., & Favre-Bonté, S. (2023). Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639
Chen, J., Liu, X., Liu, J., Wang, P., Chen, X., Ma, Q., & Feng, Y. (2020). Expression of ERAP1, TNFR-Ⅰ, TNFR-Ⅱ in psoriasis vulgaris. Journal of Chinese Physician, 22(10), 1488–1492. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn431274-20190902-01011
Colclough, A. L., Alav, I., Whittle, E. E., Pugh, H. L., Darby, E. M., Legood, S. W., McNeil, H. E., & Blair, J. M. A. (2020). RND efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria; Regulation, structure and role in antibiotic resistance. Future Microbiology, 15(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0235
Croft, M., Salek-Ardakani, S., & Ware, C. F. (2024). Targeting the TNF and TNFR superfamilies in autoimmune disease and cancer. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 23(12), 939–961. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-024-01053-9
Dhusia, K., Su, Z., & Wu, Y. (2023). Computational analyses of the interactome between TNF and TNFR superfamilies. Computational Biology and Chemistry, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107823
Ding, Y., Wei, J., Hettinghouse, A., Li, G., Li, X., Einhorn, T. A., & Liu, C. ju. (2021). Progranulin promotes bone fracture healing via TNFR pathways in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1490(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14568
Elliott, I. G., Fisher, H., Chan, H. T. C., Inzhelevskaya, T., Mockridge, C. I., Penfold, C. A., Duriez, P. J., Orr, C. M., Herniman, J., Müller, K. T. J., Essex, J. W., Cragg, M. S., & Tews, I. (2025). Structure-guided disulfide engineering restricts antibody conformation to elicit TNFR agonism. Nature Communications , 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58773-8
Gan, C., Liu, T., Chen, F., Li, J., Xu, J., Jiang, Z., Zhu, H., Xue, C., Sheng, J., & Xu, H. (2026). Natural compound DOCA blocks TNF-α/TNFR-driven NF-κB activation to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis. Food Science and Human Wellness, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2025.9250909
Gao, H., Wen, N., Xu, X., Hong, G., & Lai, X. (2020). Endoplasmic reticulum stress enhances tumor necrosis factor-α expression in rat Kupffer cells to trigger hepatic stellate apoptosis cell through TNFR/caspase-8 pathway. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao / Journal of Southern Medical University, 40(5), 632–639. https://doi.org/10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.04
Gao, K., Liu, M., Tang, H., Ma, Z., Pan, H., Zhang, X., Inam, M., Shan, X., Gao, Y., & Wang, G. (2024). Downregulation of miR-1388 Regulates the Expression of Antiviral Genes via Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR)-Associated Factor 3 Targeting Following poly(I:C) Stimulation in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Biomolecules, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14060694
Gao, M., Zhu, H., Guo, J., Lei, Y., Sun, W., & Lin, H. (2022). Tannic acid through ROS/TNF-α/TNFR 1 antagonizes atrazine induced apoptosis, programmed necrosis and immune dysfunction of grass carp hepatocytes. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 131, 312–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.062
Giudici, K. V., Barreto, P. de S., Guyonnet, S., Morley, J. E., Nguyen, A. D., Aggarwal, G., Parini, A., Li, Y., John Bateman, R., Vellas, B., Carrié, I., Brigitte, L., Faisant, C., Lala, F., Delrieu, J., Villars, H., Combrouze, E., Badufle, C., Zueras, A., … Bouhayia, A. (2023). TNFR-1 and GDF-15 Are Associated With Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Progranulin Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the MAPT Study. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 78(4), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac244
Glögl, M., Krishnakumar, A., Ragotte, R. J., Goreshnik, I., Coventry, B., Bera, A. K., Kang, A., Joyce, E., Ahn, G., Huang, B., Yang, W., Chen, W., Sanchez, M. G., Koepnick, B., & Baker, D. (2024). Target-conditioned diffusion generates potent TNFR superfamily antagonists and agonists. Science, 386(6726), 1154–1161. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp1779
Hagi, T., Geerlings, S. Y., Nijsse, B., & Belzer, C. (2020). The effect of bile acids on the growth and global gene expression profiles in Akkermansia muciniphila. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104(24), 10641–10653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10976-3
Han, B. B., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Correlation between the progression risk of diabetic nephropathy and serum TNFR levels. Acta Microscopica, 29(1), 258–262. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b%5C&scp=85082446779%5C&origin=inward
Hanafi, Y., Murtadho, N. M., Ikhsan, A., & Diyana, T. N. (2020). Reinforcing public university student’s worship education by developing and implementing mobile-learning management system in the ADDIE instructional design model. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(2), 215 – 241. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i02.11380
Haristiani, N., & Rifai, M. M. (2021). Chatbot-based application development and implementation as an autonomous language learning medium. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(3), 561 – 576. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v6i3.39150
Hessman, C. L., Hildebrandt, J., Shah, A., Brandt, S., Bock, A., Frye, B. C., Raffetseder, U., Geffers, R., Brunner-Weinzierl, M. C., Isermann, B., Mertens, P. R., & Lindquist, J. A. (2020). YB-1 interferes with tnfα–tnfr binding and modulates progranulin-mediated inhibition of TNFα signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(19), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197076
Hou, J., Pang, Y., & Li, Q. (2020). Comprehensive Evolutionary Analysis of Lamprey TNFR-Associated Factors (TRAFs) and Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase (RIPKs) and Insights Into the Functional Characterization of TRAF3/6 and RIPK1. Frontiers in Immunology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00663
Jalal, K., Khan, K., & Uddin, R. (2023). Immunoinformatic-guided designing of multi-epitope vaccine construct against Brucella Suis 1300. Immunologic Research, 71(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-022-09346-0
Jin, B., Ding, Z., Sun, Y., Gao, S., Sui, X., Ding, M., Qu, X., & Zheng, L. (2025). The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells. Open Life Sciences, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-1027
Kainulainen, K., Takabe, P., Heikkinen, S., Aaltonen, N., de la Motte, C., Rauhala, L., Durst, F. C., Oikari, S., Hukkanen, T., Rahunen, E., Ikonen, E., Hartikainen, J. M., Ketola, K., & Pasonen-Seppänen, S. (2022). M1 Macrophages Induce Protumor Inflammation in Melanoma Cells through TNFR–NF-κB Signaling. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 142(11), 3041-3051.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.024
Kiyoshi, M., Tatematsu, K. I., Tada, M., Sezutsu, H., Shibata, H., & Ishii-Watabe, A. (2021). Structural insight and stability of TNFR-Fc fusion protein (Etanercept) produced by using transgenic silkworms. Journal of Biochemistry, 169(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvaa092
Kuhn, K. D., Edamura, K., Bhatia, N., Cheng, I., Clark, S. A., Haynes, C. V., Heffner, D. L., Kabir, F., Velasquez, J., Spano, A. J., Deppmann, C. D., & Keeler, A. B. (2020). Molecular dissection of TNFR-TNFα bidirectional signaling reveals both cooperative and antagonistic interactions with p75 neurotrophic factor receptor in axon patterning. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103467
Letizia, A., Espinàs, M. L., Giannios, P., & Llimargas, M. (2023). The TNFR Wengen regulates the FGF pathway by an unconventional mechanism. Nature Communications, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41549-3
Li, H., Fan, J., Zhao, Y., Yang, J., Xu, H., Manthari, R. K., Cheng, X., Wang, J., & Wang, J. (2021). Calcium alleviates fluoride-induced kidney damage via FAS/FASL, TNFR/TNF, DR5/TRAIL pathways in rats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112851
Li, H. X., Wang, T. H., Wu, L. X., Xue, F. S., Zhang, G. H., & Yan, T. (2022). Role of Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signal transduction pathway in protection of dexmedetomidine preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bioscience Reports, 42(9). https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20221306
Li, M., Yin, Z. J., Li, L., Quan, Y. Y., Wang, T., Zhu, X., Tan, R. R., Zeng, J., Hua, H., Wu, Q. X., & Zhao, J. N. (2025). Rutaecarpine Attenuates Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Gouty Inflammation via Inhibition of TNFR-MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathways. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 31(7), 590–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-025-4204-3
Lin, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Zhou, X., Zong, X., Wu, X., Hua, B., Xiao, X., & Sun, J. (2022). Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor for Prevention and Treatment of Hemophilic Arthropathy in Hemophilic Mice. Huadong Ligong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 48(5), 631–640. https://doi.org/10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.20210429004
Liu, J., Xu, Y., Xie, G., Geng, B., Yang, R., Tian, W., Chen, H., & Wang, G. (2024). Modulation of TNFR 1-Triggered Inflammation and Apoptosis Signals by Jacaranone in Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413670
Liu, K., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Zhao, W., Qiao, F., He, Q., Shi, J., Meng, Q., Wei, J., & Cheng, L. (2023). Atsttrin regulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis through the TNFR pathway. Communications Biology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05635-y
Liu, Y. X., & Wang, H. (2025). Design of TNFR peptide agonists for inducing receptor oligomerization and cell apoptosis. Chemical Communications, 61(60), 11235–11238. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cc02268a
Luo, H., Zhu, W., Mo, W., & Liang, M. (2020). High-glucose concentration aggravates TNF-alpha-induced cell viability reduction in human CD146-positive periodontal ligament cells via TNFR-1 gene demethylation. Cell Biology International, 44(12), 2383–2394. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11445
Mahey, N., Tambat, R., Kalia, R., Ingavale, R., Kodesia, A., Chandal, N., Kapoor, S., Verma, D. K., Thakur, K. G., Jachak, S., & Nandanwar, H. (2024). Pyrrole-based inhibitors of RND-type efflux pumps reverse antibiotic resistance and display anti-virulence potential. PLoS Pathogens, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012121
Martin-Rivilla, H., Garcia-Villaraco, A., Ramos-Solano, B., Gutierrez-Mañero, F. J., & Lucas, J. A. (2020). Bioeffectors as biotechnological tools to boost plant innate immunity: Signal transduction pathways involved. Plants, 9(12), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121731
McDaniel, M. M., Chawla, A. S., Jain, A., Meibers, H. E., Saha, I., Gao, Y., Jain, V., Roskin, K., Way, S. S., & Pasare, C. (2022). Effector memory CD4+ T cells induce damaging innate inflammation and autoimmune pathology by engaging CD40 and TNFR on myeloid cells. Science Immunology, 7(67), eabk0182. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abk0182
McKenzie, C., El-Kholy, M., Parekh, F., Robson, M., Lamb, K., Allen, C., Sillibourne, J., Cordoba, S., Thomas, S., & Pule, M. (2023). Novel Fas-TNFR chimeras that prevent Fas ligand-mediated kill and signal synergistically to enhance CAR T cell efficacy. Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids, 32, 603–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.017
Micheau, O., Rizzi, M., & Smulski, C. R. (2021). Editorial: TNFR Superfamily Oligomerization and Signaling. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.682472
Mir, I. H., Guha, S., Behera, J., & Thirunavukkarasu, C. (2021). Targeting molecular signal transduction pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma and its implications for cancer therapy. Cell Biology International, 45(11), 2161–2177. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11670
Nanni, M., & Debnath, J. (2026). Caspase-8 cleavage of p62/SQSTM1 drives TNFR-induced apoptosis. Molecular Cell, 86(8), 1419–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2026.03.015
Neu, C., Thiele, Y., Horr, F., Beckers, C., Frank, N., Marx, G., Martin, L., Kraemer, S., & Zechendorf, E. (2022). DAMPs Released from Proinflammatory Macrophages Induce Inflammation in Cardiomyocytes via Activation of TLR4 and TNFR. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415522
Nojima, Y., Aoki, M., Re, S., Hirano, H., Abe, Y., Narumi, R., Muraoka, S., Shoji, H., Honda, K., Tomonaga, T., Mizuguchi, K., Boku, N., & Adachi, J. (2023). Integration of pharmacoproteomic and computational approaches reveals the cellular signal transduction pathways affected by apatinib in gastric cancer cell lines. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 21, 2172–2187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.006
Pan, L., Chou, J. J., & Fu, T. (2023). Editorial: Targeting TNF/TNFR signaling pathways. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1120954
Park, M. S., Yang, A. Y., Lee, J. E., Kim, S. K., Roe, J. seok, Park, M. S., Oh, M. J., An, H. J., & Kim, M. Y. (2021). GALNT3 suppresses lung cancer by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration and angiogenesis in a TNFR and c-MET pathway-dependent manner. Cancer Letters, 521, 294–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.015
Pe, K. C. S., Jewmoung, S., Rad, S. A. H., Chantarat, N., Chanswangphuwana, C., Tashiro, H., Suppipat, K., & Tawinwung, S. (2024). Optimization of anti-TIM3 chimeric antigen receptor with CD8α spacer and TNFR-based costimulation for enhanced efficacy in AML therapy. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117388
Priyadarsini, L. S., Sreelakshmi, L., Saritha, A. S., & Prakash, G. (2025). A multi-targeted In Silico approach to select and rank regenerative drugs for managing diabetic wound inflammation signalling through IGFR, TNFR and PPAR -γ pathways. BIO Web of Conferences, 172. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517202004
Qin, C., Yang, S., Chu, Y. H., Zhang, H., Pang, X. W., Chen, L., Zhou, L. Q., Chen, M., Tian, D. S., & Wang, W. (2022). Correction To: Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions (Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, (2022), 7, 1, (215), 10.1038/s41392-022-01064-1). Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01129-1
Rahmayanti, H., Oktaviani, V., & Syani, Y. (2020). Development of sorting waste game android based for early childhood in environmental education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1434(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1434/1/012029
Retraction:TNF-α–TNFR signal pathway inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis of alveolar macrophages in coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (Journal of Cellular Physiology, (2019), 234, (5), (5953-5963), 10.1002/jcp.27061). (2022). Journal of Cellular Physiology, 237(5), 2596. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.30737
Richardo, R., Wijaya, A., Rochmadi, T., Abdullah, A. A., Nurkhamid, Astuti, A. W., & Hidayah, K. N. (2023). Ethnomathematics Augmented Reality: Android-Based Learning Multimedia to Improve Creative Thinking Skills on Geometry. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(4), 731–737. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.4.1860
Rizal, R., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., & Siahaan, P. (2021). Development of a problem-based learning management system-supported smartphone (PBLMS3) application using the ADDIE model to improve digital literacy. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(11), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.11.7
Saeki, Y., Okita, Y., Igashira-Oguro, E., Udagawa, C., Murata, A., Tanaka, T., Mukai, J., Miyazawa, K., Hoshida, Y., & Ohshima, S. (2021). Modulation of TNFR 1-triggered two opposing signals for inflammation and apoptosis via RIPK 1 disruption by geldanamycin in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology, 40(6), 2395–2405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05579-w
Sen, T., Li, J., Neuen, B. L., Neal, B., Arnott, C., Parikh, C. R., Coca, S. G., Perkovic, V., Mahaffey, K. W., Yavin, Y., Rosenthal, N., Hansen, M. K., & Heerspink, H. J. L. (2021). Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin on plasma biomarkers TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and KIM-1 in the CANVAS trial. Diabetologia, 64(10), 2147–2158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05512-5
Setiyani, Waluya, S. B., Sukestiyarno, Y. L., & Cahyono, A. N. (2022). E-Module Design Using Kvisoft Flipbook Application Based on Mathematics Creative Thinking Ability for Junior High Schools. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(4), 116 – 136. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i04.25329
Shi, J. S., Qina, J. Z., Wang, J. G., Lin, B., & Pang, T. T. (2024). Mechanism of Shikonin on spinal cord injury in rats based on TNFR/RIPK1 pathway. Zhongguo Gu Shang = China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 37(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.20230567
Su, Z., & Wu, Y. (2023). How does the same ligand activate signaling of different receptors in TNFR superfamily: a computational study. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 17(3), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-022-00701-2
Sun, D., Zhang, M., Sun, P., Liu, G., Strickland, A. B., Chen, Y., Fu, Y., Yosri, M., & Shi, M. (2020). VCAM1/VLA4 interaction mediates Ly6Clow monocyte recruitment to the brain in a TNFR signaling dependent manner during fungal infection. PLoS Pathogens, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008361
Suprapto, N., Ibisono, H. S., & Mubarok, H. (2021). THE USE OF PHYSICS POCKETBOOK BASED ON AUGMENTED REALITY ON PLANETARY MOTION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 11(2), 526 – 540. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1167
Surdyanto, A., & Kurniawan, W. (2020). Developing critical reading module using integrated learning content and language approach. Studies in English Language and Education, 7(1), 154 – 169. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v7i1.15098
Tao, C., Lin, S., Shi, Y., Gong, W., Chen, M., Li, J., Zhang, P., Yao, Q., Qian, D., Ling, Z., & Xiao, G. (2024). Inactivation of Tnf-α/Tnfr signaling attenuates progression of intervertebral disc degeneration in mice. JOR Spine, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70006
Wang, H., Hyoung Lee, J., Wang, Y., Seo, H. seon, Wang, J., Deshane, J. S., & Ponnazhagan, S. (2020). A conserved aromatic moiety in the ectodomain is a key determinant for structural integrity and protein trafficking of TNFR superfamily. FASEB Journal, 34(12), 15687–15700. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202000341R
Wen, Y., Cheng, M., Qin, L., & Xu, W. (2022). TNFα-induced abnormal activation of TNFR/NF-κB/FTH1 in endometrium is involved in the pathogenesis of early spontaneous abortion. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 26(10), 2947–2958. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17308
Wettersten, N., Katz, R., Ascher, S. B., Scherzer, R., Bullen, A. L., Chen, T. K., Campos, K., Garimella, P. S., Estrella, M. M., Shlipak, M. G., & Ix, J. H. (2025). Association of Plasma KIM-1, TNFR-1, and TNFR-2 With Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Ancillary Analysis of SPRINT. Kidney Medicine, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2025.101024
Witkop, E. M., Wikfors, G. H., Proestou, D. A., Lundgren, K. M., Sullivan, M., & Gomez-Chiarri, M. (2022). Perkinsus marinus suppresses in vitro eastern oyster apoptosis via IAP-dependent and caspase-independent pathways involving TNFR, NF-kB, and oxidative pathway crosstalk. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2022.104339
Xu, H., Gan, C., Xiang, Z., Xiang, T., Li, J., Huang, X., Qin, X., Liu, T., Sheng, J., & Wang, X. (2023). Targeting the TNF-α–TNFR interaction with EGCG to block NF-κB signaling in human synovial fibroblasts. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114575
Yang, Q., Yang, Y., Tang, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Shen, W., Zhan, Y., Gao, J., Wu, B., He, M., Chen, S., & Yang, S. (2020). Development and characterization of acidic-pH-tolerant mutants of Zymomonas mobilis through adaptation and next-generation sequencing-based genome resequencing and RNA-Seq. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-020-01781-1
Zahedi bialvaei, A., Rahbar, M., Hamidi-Farahani, R., Asgari, A., Esmailkhani, A., Mardani dashti, Y., & Soleiman-Meigooni, S. (2021). Expression of RND efflux pumps mediated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. Microbial Pathogenesis, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104789
Zhao, M., Fu, L., Chai, Y., Sun, M., Li, Y., Wang, S., Qi, J., Zeng, B., Kang, L., Gao, G. F., & Tan, S. (2021). Atypical TNF-TNFR superfamily binding interface in the GITR-GITRL complex for T cell activation. Cell Reports, 36(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109734
Zhu, M., Zhang, S., Tang, J., Hou, H., Wang, L., Lin, H., Zhang, X., & Jin, M. (2025). Two Small Peptides from Buthus martensii Hydrolysates Exhibit Antitumor Activity Through Inhibition of TNF-α-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathways. Life, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010105
Zhu, Y., Pang, Y., & Li, Q. (2020). Molecular evolution of the tnfr gene family and expression profiles in response to pathogens in lamprey(Lethenteron reissneri). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 96, 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.037
