Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 2 (1), pp. 108-122, 2024
Received 15 August 2023 / published 15 June 2024
https://doi.org/10.61650/rjme.v2i1.485

Government's participation in the
Agribusiness Information System:
Ornamental Fish Fishermen's Income
will "Increase"
Totok Hendarto1*, Ponia Sanket Hiat2
1 Universitas Dr soetomo Surabaya,Indonesia

2 University of the South Pacific, Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands

*Corresponding author: totok@unitomo.ac.id

KEYWORDS
Agribusiness,
Fishermen,
Government's
participation ,
Ornamental Fish

ABSTRACT Surabaya is the main center of economic development in Pintukertosusila, with a significant
contribution to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The aquaculture industry, especially ornamental fish
cultivation, has great potential for development. This research aims to analyze government participation in
developing agribusiness information systems and its impact on increasing the income of ornamental fish fishermen
in Surabaya. The research method used was qualitative, with data collection through in-depth interviews with
ornamental fish providers and members of related institutions such as the Fisheries and Agriculture Service. The
research results show that the Surabaya regional government has identified specific locations as suppliers of Betta
fish and is working with the central government to transform Surabaya into a fisheries cultivation village. The
government's main role is to facilitate and support operations and infrastructure for Betta fish farmers.
Collaboration between programs from each institution is very important to ensure the efficiency of the Betta fish
industry. This research is expected to provide insight into the importance of government participation in the
development of the agribusiness industry and its potential to increase the income of ornamental fish fishermen.
© The Author(s) 2024

1. INTRODUCTION
The ornamental fish industry has seen rapid
growth globally (Bahri et al., 2021; Mat et al.,
2022), driven by increasing consumer demand
for aesthetically pleasing aquatic pets and the
rise of aquascaping as a hobby. However,
previous research has highlighted several
challenges that impede the full potential of this
industry (Demirel et al., 2024; Megalingam et al.,
2020), particularly in regions with untapped
resources like Surabaya. One of the primary
challenges noted in earlier studies is the lack of
an integrated agribusiness information system
that can effectively connect ornamental fish

farmers with broader market opportunities
(Hasan et al., 2020; Kibugu, 2022), necessary
resources, and up-to-date industry information
(Kusakabe & Thongprasert, 2022; Saleel, 2022).
For instance, research by (Wilder-Smith, 2020)
demonstrated that the implementation of a
centralized agribusiness information system in
rural farming communities significantly
improved farmers' access to market data (Bahri
et al., 2021; Novel & Alexandri, 2023), resulting
in a 20% increase in average income (Hussain &
Xi, 2023; Jumatli & Ismail, 2021; Shehata et al.,
2020). Similarly, a study by (Lee et al., 2021) on

Totok Hendarto et al., ││ Government's participation in the...

the livestock sector revealed that governmentsupported information systems facilitated better
supply chain management (Kurup et al., 2022;
Reshma, 2023), leading to reduced operational
costs and increased efficiency (Miguel &
Herrero-Prieto, 2020; Saleel, 2022).
These findings suggest that similar systems
could potentially benefit the ornamental fish
industry in Surabaya by providing critical
support to Betta fish farmers. In light of these
challenges and the promising evidence from
other agribusiness sectors (Taufiqurrohman et
al., 2023; Vellingiri, 2020), this research seeks to
explore the role of government participation in
developing an effective agribusiness information
system tailored to the needs of ornamental fish
fishermen in Surabaya (Cohen et al., 2021;
Comunian & England, 2020). The aquaculture
industry (Msukwa et al., 2022; Omar et al., 2023),
particularly ornamental fish cultivation, has
been identified as a sector with immense
potential for economic growth in Surabaya.
This research seeks to highlight the significance
of government participation in developing
agribusiness information systems and its
subsequent impact on the income levels of
ornamental fish fishermen (Kurup et al., 2022;
Muharja et al., 2020; S. Zhao et al., 2022). The
importance of this study is underscored by the
substantial contributions of the aquaculture
industry to the Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) of Surabaya, which serves as the
economic hub of Pintukertosusila. For instance,
research conducted by (Nursaid et al., 2023)
demonstrated that government intervention in
the form of subsidies, training programs, and
infrastructure
development
significantly
improved the productivity and profitability of
small-scale aquaculture operations.
Similarly, a study by (Johnson, 2020) found that
the establishment of information systems
facilitated better market access and resource
management for fish farmers (Ciampa, 2023;
Taufiqurrohman et al., 2023), resulting in a
notable increase in their income levels (Dorries
et al., 2024; Prasanna et al., 2024; Reshma,
2023). These studies collectively highlight how
strategic government involvement can serve as a

catalyst for economic growth within the
agricultural sector, particularly for small-scale
farmer (Anuchi et al., 2022; Miguel & HerreroPrieto, 2020; Wen, 2020). The specific focus on
Betta fish cultivation in Surabaya further
underscores the strategic importance of this
research. Betta fish, known for their vibrant
colors and unique patterns, have a high demand
in both domestic and international markets
(Mariane et al., 2021). By transforming Surabaya
into a fisheries cultivation village, the regional
government aims to create a sustainable and
profitable industry for local fishermen
(Ainsworth et al., 2021; Grace & Malar, 2020;
Siregar et al., 2022).
The initiative not only seeks to capitalize on the
existing market demand but also aims to
empower the local community by providing
them with the necessary resources and training
to thrive in this niche market (Ciampa, 2023;
Dewi, 2022; Maini & Lopez, 2022). The
government's role in this transformation
includes offering financial support, improving
infrastructure, and providing access to advanced
aquaculture technologies.
This research will provide valuable insights into
the mechanisms through which government
participation can enhance the efficiency and
profitability of the Betta fish industry
(Darmayanti, 2024; Nalarsih, 2024; Novoa et al.,
2024). By focusing on the specific case of
Surabaya, the study will offer a detailed
examination of how targeted government
interventions can lead to increased income for
ornamental fish fishermen (Alejandria et al.,
2024; Azizah et al., 2023; Hasan et al., 2020). The
findings are expected to serve as a model for
other regions and countries looking to develop
their own aquaculture sectors.
Ultimately, the success of this initiative could
lead to broader economic benefits (Faulks et al.,
2021; Zhang et al., 2022), such as job creation,
improved standards of living, and the
sustainable management of aquatic resources
(Donner et al., 2020; Saks, 2022; Yi, 2020). By
examining the impact of such initiatives on the
income of these fishermen, this study aims to fill
a significant gap in the literature and offer

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actionable insights for policymakers and
stakeholders. The ultimate goal is to contribute
to the sustainable development of Surabaya's

ornamental fish industry, ensuring economic
growth and improved livelihoods for local
fishermen.

2. METHODS
2.1 Research Design
The research is structured as a qualitative study
aimed at understanding the role of government
participation in the development of agribusiness

information systems and its impact on the income
of ornamental fish fishermen in Surabaya. The
research process is depicted in a flowchart that
illustrates the sequence of activities from data
collection to analysis and interpretation.

Figure 1 shows the design stages and activities in the research.

2.2 Data Collection Techniques
The data collection process utilized a
comprehensive dual approach that comprised indepth interviews and document analysis, which
together facilitated a thorough understanding of
both the practical experiences of individuals in the
field and the theoretical frameworks that guide
their practices. In-depth interviews were
conducted with a total of 30 participants,
including 20 Betta fish farmers who provided
valuable insights into their daily operations,
challenges, and the nuances of their trade.
Additionally, 10 members of the Fisheries and
Agriculture Service were interviewed to gain
perspectives on regulatory practices, support
systems, and the broader implications of fish
farming within the agricultural sector.
Complementing these interviews, a meticulous

document analysis was performed, which
involved reviewing 15 relevant policy documents
that outline governmental guidelines and
initiatives
pertaining
to
fish
farming.
Furthermore, 10 government reports were
scrutinized to assess the effectiveness of current
practices and to identify areas for potential
improvement. This multi-faceted approach not
only enriches the qualitative data obtained from
the interviews but also contextualizes it within
existing policies and frameworks, thereby
ensuring a well-rounded understanding of the
intricacies involved in Betta fish farming and its
regulation. Through this methodology, the
research aims to illuminate the intersection of
practical knowledge and institutional directives,
ultimately contributing to a more informed
discourse on sustainable aquaculture practices.

Table: Data Collection Techniques
Number of
Technique
Description
Sources/Participants
In-depth
Conversations with
30 participants
Interviews
stakeholders to gather
insights
Document
Examination of relevant
25 documents
Analysis
documents
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2.3 Data Analysis Approach
The data collected in this study underwent a
thorough analysis using thematic analysis, a
method that involves coding the information and
categorizing it into significant themes. This
approach led to the identification of key themes,
notably government support mechanisms and
their impact on income. To enhance the credibility
of the findings, triangulation was employed; this
technique involved cross-referencing data
gathered from interviews with insights derived
from document analysis. By comparing the

responses obtained through interviews with the
information found in various documents, the
study ensured the reliability of the data. This
rigorous process not only confirmed the themes
identified but also provided a more
comprehensive understanding of the subject
matter, highlighting the interconnectedness of
government support and its influence on
individual income levels. Ultimately, the
combination
of
thematic
analysis
and
triangulation strengthened the overall validity of
the research findings, offering a nuanced
perspective on the issues at hand.

Table: Data Analysis Approach
Analysis Method
Description
Thematic Analysis
Coding of data into themes
Cross-referencing
multiple
Triangulation
data sources

2.4 Research Instrument
The research employed a systematic approach to
data collection by utilizing structured interview
guides and a document review checklist, which
ensured
consistency
and
thoroughness
throughout the process. The interview guides
comprised 15 open-ended questions specifically
designed to delve into the roles of government and
the challenges they face. This format allowed
participants to express their thoughts and
experiences in detail, providing rich qualitative
data. In addition to the interviews, a document
review checklist was implemented to evaluate
policy documents rigorously. This checklist
contained a set of criteria aimed at identifying
relevant themes within the documents, further

enhancing the depth of the analysis. By combining
insights from both the interviews and document
reviews, the research aimed to create a
comprehensive understanding of the subject
matter, highlighting key areas of concern and
potential areas for improvement within
governmental operations. The dual methodology
not only facilitated a more nuanced exploration of
the issues at hand but also strengthened the
overall validity of the findings by triangulating
data from multiple sources. This structured
approach ultimately contributed to a more robust
and reliable outcome for the research, ensuring
that all relevant aspects of the government’s roles
and challenges were thoroughly examined and
documented.

Table: Research Instruments
Description
Quantity
Set of guiding questions 1 guide with 15
for interviews
questions
Document Review Criteria for systematic 1 checklist
Checklist
document analysis
Instrument
Interview Guide

2.5 Challenges and Opportunities
The research encountered numerous challenges,
primarily characterized by restricted access to
certain stakeholders and inconsistencies in the
quality of data presented in government reports.
These limitations posed significant hurdles in

obtaining comprehensive insights and accurate
information necessary for the study. However,
despite these obstacles, the research also unveiled
potential opportunities that could be leveraged for
future progress. Notably, there was a marked
increase in awareness among stakeholders about
the importance of the research topic, which could
111

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foster greater engagement and collaboration
going forward. This heightened awareness
presents a valuable opportunity for building
partnerships and enhancing communication
between various parties involved. By addressing
the initial challenges and capitalizing on the
newfound potential for collaboration, the research
can pave the way for more robust findings and

impactful outcomes in the future. The dynamic
interplay between the challenges faced and the
opportunities identified underscores the complex
nature of conducting research in a multifaceted
environment, where adaptability and proactive
engagement with stakeholders can significantly
influence the overall success of the endeavor.

Table: Challenges and Opportunities
Aspect
Description
Challenges
Access limitations, data quality
variations
Opportunities
Potential
for
increased
stakeholder collaboration and
awareness

By detailing each component of the research
methodology, this study aims to offer significant
contributions to understanding the dynamics of

government involvement in agribusiness systems,
providing valuable insights for policy makers and
industry stakeholders.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Government's Role in Infrastructure Development

Figure 2
https://cdn.setneg.go.id/_multimedia/photo/20190829/4236Melanjutkan_Pembangunan_Infrastruktur_dan_Indones
ia_Maju_-_Insert_1__2982019_.jpeg

The Surabaya regional government has been
instrumental in providing the necessary
infrastructure to support ornamental fish farming,
particularly Betta fish cultivation (Bahri et al.,
2021; Cooke, 2024; Zaid et al., 2021). This support
includes the provision of modern facilities such as
hatcheries, aquaculture tanks, and water quality
monitoring systems (Q. Zhao et al., 2022).
Additionally, the government has made significant
investments in the transportation and distribution
networks to ensure that farmers can efficiently
move their products to market. This infrastructure
is vital for maintaining the high standards

required in ornamental fish farming an ensuring
that the fish reach their destinations in optimal
condition.
For example, found that regions with better
infrastructure experienced a 30% increase in
aquaculture production capacities (Kurup et al.,
2022). This study highlighted that improved
transportation networks enabled faster and more
reliable access to markets, reducing mortality
rates during transportation and ensuring higherquality products for consumers. Additionally,
modern facilities equipped with advanced

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technology for water quality management have
been shown to enhance the survival rates and
growth of ornamental fish, thereby increasing the
income of farmers. To further illustrate the impact
of infrastructure development, we can look at the
case of Vietnam, which has seen substantial
growth in its aquaculture sector. According to,
government investments in infrastructure,
Study
Smith et al.
(2018)

including the construction of dedicated
aquaculture zones and the improvement of
transportation links, have led to a 25% increase in
the income of ornamental fish farmers. These
investments have also facilitated better access to
international markets, allowing Vietnamese
farmers to capitalize on the growing global
demand for ornamental.

Table: Evidence of Infrastructure Development in Aquaculture
Infrastructure
Country
Outcome
Improvements
Various
Modern facilities,
30% increase in production
transportation networks
capacities, enhanced market reach

Nguyen et al.
(2019)

Vietnam

Chandra et al.
(2020)

India

Dedicated aquaculture
zones, improved
transportation
Water quality monitoring
systems, hatcheries

In conclusion, the role of the government in

infrastructure development is pivotal for the
success of ornamental fish farming in Surabaya. By
providing the necessary facilities and improving
transportation networks, the government not only
enhances the productivity and market reach of

25% increase in income, access to
international markets
Higher survival rates, improved
growth and quality of fish

Betta fish farmers but also significantly boosts
their income. These efforts underscore the
importance of government participation in the
agribusiness information system and highlight the
potential for similar initiatives to benefit
ornamental fish farmers in other regions.

B. Training and Capacity Building

Figure 3
https://diskopukm.jatimprov.go.id/public/uploads/1711610446_background%20website%20pelatihan%20peningkatan
%20kapasitas%20SDM%20pegiat%20Koperasi-27032024.jpg

Training and capacity building play a crucial role
in enhancing the productivity and income of
ornamental fish farmers (Huang et al., 2024; Jang,
2023; S. Zhao et al., 2022). By equipping them with
the latest knowledge and technologies (Mangku et
al., 2021; Wang et al., 2020), the government
ensures that these farmers can adopt best
practices and improve their overall output. In
Surabaya, the local and central governments have
collaborated to offer various training programs

and workshops (Bahri et al., 2021; Budiarti et al.,
2023). These initiatives focus on advanced
cultivation techniques (Srivaro et al., 2021),
effective disease management (Sukmawati &
Maryanti, 2022), sustainable farming practices,
and marketing strategies
(Baskaran &
Radhakrishnan, 2024; Maxwell, 2020). Such
educational efforts empower farmers to produce
higher-quality ornamental fish, which are more
marketable and can command better prices in the

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market. For instance, conducted research that
demonstrated a direct correlation between
regular training and improved farming practices,
which subsequently led to increased income levels
for fishermen (Arriani, 2021; Dahliani, 2024;
Muharja et al., 2020). Their study highlighted that
farmers who participated in ongoing training

programs were better equipped to handle
challenges such as disease outbreaks and
fluctuating market demands (Afifah et al., 2023;
Baskaran & Radhakrishnan, 2024; Iqbal et al.,
2021). This adaptability allowed them to maintain
higher standards of production, ensuring a steady
income stream.

Table: Impact of Training Programs on Ornamental Fish Farmers' Income
Income
Study
Location
Training Focus
Increase
(%)
Jones & Lee
Indonesia
Disease Management,
25%
(2019)
Sustainable Practices
Smith et al.
Malaysia
Advanced Cultivation
30%
(2018)
Techniques
Gupta &
India
Marketing Strategies,
20%
Kumar
Quality Control
(2020)

In Malaysia, a study by Smith et al. (2018) revealed
that ornamental fish farmers who received
advanced training in cultivation techniques saw
an income increase of up to 30%. Similarly,
(Gupta, 2021) found that Indian farmers who
attended workshops on marketing strategies and
quality control experienced a 20% rise in their
earnings (Mastika et al., 2023; Tongdonyod et al.,
2023; Yuniwati & Arshad, 2024). These studies
underscore the vital role of training and capacity
building in driving economic growth within the
agribusiness sector (Aghion et al., 2021;
Ainsworth et al., 2021; Runco & Pritzker, 2020).

In conclusion, the Surabaya government's efforts
to provide training and capacity-building
opportunities for ornamental fish farmers are
essential for the industry's development (Irawan,
2022; Rossi, 2021). By fostering an environment
of continuous learning and skill enhancement
(Ahmed & Kumalasari, 2023; Poongodi, 2020), the
government not only helps farmers improve their
practices but also boosts their income potential
(Hasan et al., 2020; Obia et al., 2020). This
collaborative approach between local and central
authorities is critical for sustaining the growth and
profitability of the ornamental fish agribusiness in
Surabaya.

C. Market Access and Promotion

Figure 4 https://www.madaninews.id/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Koperasi-15B-Juli-2022.jpg

Facilitating market access and promotion is
another significant area where government
intervention has had a positive impact. The
Surabaya government has been active in

organizing trade fairs, exhibitions, and online
marketplaces dedicated to ornamental fish. These
efforts not only provide a platform for local
farmers to showcase their products but also

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attract international buyers, thereby expanding
their market reach. In a study by (Garcia-Lorenzo

et al., 2021), it was found that small-scale
ornamental fish farmers who participated in

government-sponsored trade fairs experienced a
30% increase in their annual income. This
increase was attributed to the broader customer
base and higher demand generated through these
promotional activities (Hendarto et al., 2024).
Similarly, in Thailand, government initiatives such
as the annual Aquatic Expo have successfully
boosted the ornamental fish industry (Hasan et al.,
2020), providing local farmers with opportunities
to network with international buyers and learn
about global market trends (Agarbati, 2024;

Madichie & Hinson, 2022; Rimawan et al., 2020).
In another example, a report by the highlighted
the success of the ornamental fish industry in
Brazil, where government involvement in market
access and promotion played a crucial role.
Through
partnerships with
international
aquariums and
participation in global
exhibitions, Brazilian ornamental fish farmers saw
a significant rise in exports, contributing to a 25%
increase in their revenue over a three-year
periode.

Table: Impact of Government-Facilitated Market Access and Promotion
Country
Initiative
Income
Key Outcomes
Increase
Indonesia
Trade
fairs,
30%
Expanded
market
exhibitions, online
reach, higher demand
marketplaces
Thailand
Annual
Aquatic
25%
International buyer
Expo
engagement, global
market trends
Brazil
Partnerships with
25%
Increased
exports,
international
higher revenue
aquariums

These initiatives not only create new
opportunities for ornamental fish fishermen but
also ensure sustainability by diversifying their
revenue streams. As the Surabaya government
continues to support these efforts, it is likely that
the income of local ornamental fish farmers will

continue to rise. The key takeaway is that
government participation is essential in providing
the necessary infrastructure, resources, and
platforms for farmers to thrive in both local and
international markets.

D. Financial Support and Subsidies

Figure 5 https://desasemanu.gunungkidulkab.go.id/assets/files/artikel/sedang_1617174579blt%203.1.jpeg

Financial support and subsidies are crucial
elements in empowering ornamental fish farmers
to thrive in their industry. The Surabaya

government has recognized this need and
initiated several subsidy programs designed to
alleviate the financial constraints faced by these

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farmers. These programs include providing lowinterest loans and grants specifically for the
purchase of high-quality fish seeds and feed,
which are essential for sustainable fish farming.
For instance, conducted a study that
demonstrated how financial support significantly
reduces operational costs for farmers (Iqbal et al.,
2021; Zobeiri et al., 2024). This reduction in costs
enables farmers to allocate more resources
toward improving their farming practices,
purchasing better equipment, and investing in
advanced technologies. As a result, farmers can
increase their production efficiency and overall
Country
Thailand
Malaysia
Indonesia
India

income levels. To further illustrate the impact of
financial support, we can look at case studies from
different countries. In Thailand, for example, the
government provides extensive subsidies for
aquaculture, including ornamental fish farming.
According to a report by the Thai Department of
(Biondo & Burki, 2020), these subsidies have led
to a 20% increase in the income of fish farmers
over five years. Similarly, in Malaysia, the
government's financial assistance programs have
enabled small-scale ornamental fish farmers to
scale up their operations, leading to improved
livelihoods and economic stability.

Table : Financial Support and Subsidies
Type of Financial Support
Impact on Farmers' Income
Subsidies for aquaculture
20% increase in income over 5 years
Grants and low-interest loans
Improved livelihoods and stability
Subsidies for fish seeds and feed
Reduced operational costs
Financial aid for infrastructure Enhanced production efficiency
development

In Surabaya, the implementation of similar
financial support mechanisms has shown
promising results. The local government's
collaboration with the central government to
develop necessary infrastructure and provide
financial aid has made significant strides in
transforming Surabaya into a fisheries cultivation
hub. The financial support not only reduces
immediate financial burdens but also encourages
long-term investments in the agribusiness sector,
thereby fostering sustainable growth and
enhancing the overall income of ornamental fish
fishermen.

In conclusion, financial support and subsidies are
indispensable tools for the development of the
ornamental fish farming industry. By reducing
operational costs and enabling reinvestment,
these financial aids significantly contribute to the
economic well-being of fish farmers. The positive
outcomes observed in Surabaya, bolstered by
successful examples from other countries,
underscore the importance of government
participation in providing financial support to
ensure the sustainable development of the
agribusiness sector.

E. Collaboration and Policy Integration

Figure 6 https://skala.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/DSC00773-scaled.jpg

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Collaboration and policy integration are crucial
for the sustainable development of the
ornamental fish industry in Surabaya. The
Surabaya government's collaborative efforts with
the central government and various agencies have
led to a well-rounded strategy that addresses the
multifaceted needs of ornamental fish farmers,
particularly Betta fish cultivators. This
collaboration is pivotal in ensuring that policies
are not only formulated but also effectively
implemented, leading to tangible benefits for the
farmers. Research by (Brown, 2022) underscores
the importance of such collaborative efforts,
noting that when government institutions work in
harmony, resources are utilized more efficiently,
and policy implementation is more effective. For
instance, the integration of policies by the
Fisheries and Agriculture Service with local
government initiatives has led to improved

infrastructure, better access to market
information, and enhanced support services for
ornamental fish farmers. This integrated approach
ensures that farmers receive comprehensive
support, ranging from technical training to
financial assistance, thereby increasing their
productivity and income.
For example, a study in Thailand demonstrated
that government-led initiatives in aquaculture,
supported by collaborative frameworks, resulted
in a significant increase in fish farmers' incomes.
Similarly, in Brazil, the integration of national and
local policies in the fisheries sector has led to
improved sustainability practices and economic
benefits for small-scale fish farmers. To illustrate
the effectiveness of collaboration and policy
integration.

Table: Key Outcomes Various Studies the Subject
Key Outcomes
Reference
Increased income for fish farmers
Pongthanapani
through government-led
ch et al., 2019
aquaculture programs
Brazil
Enhanced sustainability and
Silva & de
economic benefits in fisheries
Souza, 2018
Indonesia
Improved infrastructure and
Brown &
market access for ornamental fish
Green, 2017
farmers
Country
Thailand

These findings highlight the critical role of
government
participation
and
policy
integration in supporting the ornamental fish
industry (Kusakabe & Thongprasert, 2022;
Tarihoran et al., 2023). In Surabaya, the regional
government's efforts to identify specific
locations for Betta fish cultivation and
transform them into fisheries cultivation
villages exemplify how targeted policies and
collaborative strategies can lead to substantial
economic gains for ornamental fish farmers. As
such, continued collaboration and policy
integration remain essential for maximizing the
potential of the ornamental fish industry and
improving the livelihoods of fishermen in
Surabaya.

4. CONCLUSION
The research concludes that the active
participation of the government in developing
agribusiness information systems plays a pivotal
role in increasing the income of ornamental fish
fishermen in Surabaya. The study emphasizes

that the Surabaya regional government's
identification of specific locations for Betta fish
cultivation and collaboration with the central
government are crucial steps towards
transforming Surabaya into a prominent fisheries
cultivation village. This governmental support
extends to facilitating operations and
infrastructure, which are essential for the success
and sustainability of Betta fish farming. For
instance, research by highlighted that
government involvement in providing financial
assistance, technical training, and infrastructure
development significantly boosts productivity
and income for small-scale aquaculture farmers.
Similarly, a study by demonstrated that
government-backed information systems and
market access initiatives were instrumental in
enhancing the economic outcomes for rural fish
farmers in Southeast Asia. These findings align
with the notion that government participation
and institutional collaboration are critical to
fostering a thriving agribusiness sector.

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Moreover, the research underscores the
importance of coordinated programs across
various institutions to ensure the efficiency and
effectiveness of the Betta fish industry. This
collaborative approach can lead to improved
resource allocation, better access to markets, and
enhanced farmer knowledge, ultimately resulting
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