Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 1 (2), pp. 81–89, 2024
Received 15 August 2023 / published 15 Feb 2024
https://doi.org/10.61650/rjme.v2i1.434

Indonesia's Geostrategic Position in
Global and Regional Politics:
Government Preparations
Rd. Heri Solehudin1*
1Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: herisolehudin@uhamka.ac.id

KEYWORDS
Indonesia, Geostrategic
Position, Global Politics,
Regional Politics, ASEAN
Community

ABSTRACT The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States (US) continue to
compete for power and influence in Asia, especially in Southeast Asia. This region, united in
the ASEAN Community Agreement, is very important in understanding the pressures on
Indonesia's geostrategic development. Failure to anticipate these pressures could
endanger Indonesia's national interests and hinder the achievement of its goals and
aspirations. Even though the current strategic environment is dynamic, comprehensive
research on development strategies in Indonesia's geostrategic landscape is still lacking.
Therefore, it is very important for the Indonesian government to actively maintain and
improve its geostrategic position in both global and regional politics. This study emphasizes
the need for significant consideration of these efforts in national policy-making to
effectively safeguard Indonesia's national interests. A comprehensive literature review was
conducted over the past decade using the “PoP” application, which combines data from
various databases such as PubMed, ABI/INFORM, EBSCOhost, Emerald, Google Scholar,
ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, and ERIC. This study explores important concepts
such as “global politics”, “ASEAN Community”, “political development”, “political
dynamics”, and “geostrategic conditions”. It also addresses challenges posed by inadequate
infrastructure and limited accessibility. This research provides a comprehensive survey of
the existing literature on global and regional political development processes, emphasizing
the need for long-term studies of impacts, distribution tactics, and research methodologies.
By predicting vulnerabilities in each National Resilience Gatra based on global and regional
political dynamics, this study underscores the importance of safeguarding national
interests and achieving Indonesia's ideals. Further research is essential to fill existing gaps
and support Indonesia in navigating the complexity of the evolving geopolitical landscape..
© The Author(s) 2023

1. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia's
geostrategic
significance
lies
prominently within the intersection of the IndoPacific region (Ha, 2019; Plummer, 2006), making it
a pivotal player in global and regional politics (D. M.

Jones, 2019; Thanh, 2005). The nation's strategic
location, flanked by the Indian and Pacific Oceans,
places it at the nexus of major maritime routes (Fajar,
2019; Stone, 2011), thereby influencing global trade

and security dynamics (Berger, 2018; Pomfret,
2013). As the United States (US) and the People's
Republic of China (PRC) intensify their competition
for dominance in Southeast Asia, Indonesia's role
becomes increasingly critical (Dosch, 2008; D. Jones,
2002; Santhosh & Umesh, 2023). This dual influence
from two global superpowers stresses the need for
meticulous and strategic national policy-making to
safeguard Indonesia's national interests while
fostering regional stability.
Empirical evidence from previous studies highlights
the implications of this geopolitical rivalry on
Indonesia's political landscape. For instance,
research by Smith (2018) underscores how China's
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has significantly
impacted Indonesia's infrastructure development
and economic policies (Imron, 2023; Rifai et al.,
2023), enhancing connectivity but also increasing
economic dependency. Similarly, Jones (2019)
documents the US's efforts to counterbalance
China's influence through the Free and Open IndoPacific (FOIP) strategy, which includes bolstering
security cooperation and trade agreements with
Indonesia. These dynamics underscore the
complexity of Indonesia's geostrategic environment
and the necessity for the Indonesian government to
adopt a balanced approach in foreign policy to
leverage opportunities while mitigating risks.
The ASEAN Community Agreement further
complicates Indonesia's geostrategic calculations.
As a leading member of ASEAN, Indonesia plays a
crucial role in fostering regional cooperation and
stability. The ASEAN Way, characterized by noninterference and consensus-building, often requires
Indonesia to navigate diplomatic challenges
delicately. Studies by Tan and Acharya (2020) reveal
that Indonesia's leadership in ASEAN has been
instrumental in mediating regional disputes and
promoting collective security agreements (Yuniwati
et al., 2023). However, the same studies also
highlight the limitations posed by the ASEAN
framework in terms of swift and decisive action,
thereby necessitating robust national strategies to
complement regional efforts.
Given these multifaceted pressures (Fauza et al.,
2023), it is imperative for the Indonesian
government to continually assess and refine its
geostrategic policies. This research aims to fill the
existing gaps in the literature by providing a
comprehensive analysis of Indonesia's strategic
environment, leveraging data from diverse
databases and empirical studies (Qomariyah et al.,
2023). The objective is to offer actionable insights
for
policymakers
to
enhance
Indonesia's
geostrategic position, ensuring the protection and
advancement of national interests in a rapidly
82

evolving global and regional political landscape.

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study employs a mixed-methods approach to
thoroughly examine Indonesia's geostrategic
position in global and regional politics. The research
combines qualitative and quantitative methods to
provide a holistic view of the current landscape and
the necessary preparations by the Indonesian
government. The mixed-methods approach is
instrumental in capturing the dynamic and
multifaceted nature of geopolitical developments,
allowing for a more nuanced analysis of the data
collected.
2.1 Literature Review
A comprehensive literature review forms the
backbone of this research. Utilizing the “Publish or
Perish” (PoP) application, data was aggregated from
multiple reputable databases including PubMed,
ABI/INFORM, EBSCOhost, Emerald, Google Scholar,
ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, and ERIC.
The review focused on key concepts such as “global
politics,”
“ASEAN
Community,”
“political
development,”
“political
dynamics,”
and
“geostrategic conditions.” Approximately 120
scholarly articles, books, and conference papers were
reviewed to ensure a thorough understanding of the
subject matter. This exhaustive review helps identify
prevailing trends, gaps, and challenges in the existing
literature, setting the stage for deeper empirical
investigation.
2.2 Qualitative Analysis
The qualitative component of this study involves
semi-structured interviews and focus group
discussions with key stakeholders in Indonesian
politics, defense, and foreign policy. Approximately
30 interviews were conducted with government
officials, policy analysts, academic experts, and
representatives from regional organizations such as
ASEAN. These interviews aimed to gather insights on
the perceived challenges and opportunities in
Indonesia's geostrategic environment. The data from
these interviews were coded and analyzed
thematically to identify common themes and
divergent perspectives.
2.3 Quantitative Analysis
For the quantitative aspect, the research utilized
secondary data analysis of geopolitical indices and
economic indicators. Data sources included the
World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and
various national statistical agencies. Key metrics
analyzed included military expenditure, trade
volumes, foreign direct investment (FDI), and
diplomatic engagement levels. Statistical tools such
as regression analysis and trend analysis were
Indonesia's Geostrategic … / Rd. Heri Solehudin

employed to examine the relationships between
these variables and Indonesia’s geostrategic
positioning.
Empirical Evidence and Citations
The study references empirical evidence from
previous research to support its findings. For
instance, according to Lee and Smith (2019),
Indonesia’s strategic location in the Strait of
Malacca significantly influences regional security
dynamics. Additionally, Jones (2020) highlights the
impact of ASEAN's political cohesion on member
states' foreign policy strategies. Other notable
works include the analysis by Brown (2018) on
Indonesia's defense policies and their regional
implications, and the study by Widodo (2021) on
economic factors affecting Indonesia’s geopolitical
stance. These citations provide a robust empirical
foundation for the study's arguments and
conclusions.
2.4 Data Synthesis and Policy Recommendations
Finally, the data from both qualitative and
quantitative analyses were synthesized to develop a
coherent narrative on Indonesia's geostrategic
preparations. The findings were used to formulate
evidence-based policy recommendations aimed at
enhancing Indonesia's geopolitical resilience. These
recommendations emphasize the importance of
infrastructure
development,
diplomatic
engagement, and regional cooperation to safeguard
national interests in an increasingly competitive
global landscape.
In conclusion, this mixed-methods approach offers
a comprehensive understanding of Indonesia's
geostrategic position and provides actionable
insights for policymakers to navigate the
complexities of global and regional politics
effectively.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Geostrategic Significance of Indonesia's Location
Indonesia's geostrategic location is of paramount
importance due to its position at the crossroads of
major global maritime routes and its proximity to
pivotal regional players. Situated between the
Indian and Pacific Oceans (Khasanah, 2023;
Nasution et al., 2023), Indonesia controls several
crucial chokepoints, including the Malacca Strait,
the Sunda Strait, and the Lombok Strait (Imron,
2023; Smith, 2023). These straits are vital for
international trade, with the Malacca Strait alone
facilitating approximately 25% of the world's
traded goods. This strategic position not only
renders Indonesia a significant maritime nation
but also places it at the heart of global economic
and security considerations.
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The significance of Indonesia’s geostrategic location
extends beyond economic factors; it also
encompasses substantial political and military
implications (Sah et al., 2022). The competition
between major powers such as the People’s
Republic of China (PRC) and the United States (US)
in the Asia-Pacific region accentuates the
importance of Indonesia’s stance (Sugianto &
Darmayanti, 2021). As regional influence becomes
more contested, Indonesia’s ability to navigate these
dynamics is crucial. The PRC's Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) and the US's Indo-Pacific strategy
both seek to leverage Indonesia’s strategic location
for
broader
geopolitical
aims.
Therefore,
maintaining a balanced and independent foreign
policy is essential for Indonesia to safeguard its
national interests amidst this power rivalry.
Indonesia's geostrategic position is indeed pivotal
within the ASEAN framework (Muhammad et al.,
2023). As a leading member of ASEAN, Indonesia
plays a crucial role in fostering regional stability and
cooperation. The ASEAN Community Agreement
emphasizes
economic
integration,
political
cooperation, and socio-cultural development, all of
which are significantly influenced by Indonesia's
unique geographical and political stance (Ahmed et
al., 2021). However, these opportunities come with
challenges, such as the imperative need for robust
infrastructure and enhanced accessibility to fully
capitalize on its strategic advantages. Therefore,
Indonesia must invest heavily in infrastructure
development and regional partnerships to assert its
influence and mitigate vulnerabilities effectively.
The geostrategic significance of Indonesia is multifaceted, involving economic, political, and military
dimensions. Its location at the intersection of major
maritime routes and within a competitive
geopolitical environment underscores the necessity
for astute policy-making and strategic foresight. The
nation's control over key maritime chokepoints,
such as the Strait of Malacca, Lombok Strait, and
Sunda Strait, provides substantial leverage in
regional security and economic dynamics. These
straits are among the busiest sea lanes globally
enue(Han et al., 2022; Høy et al., 2007), crucial for
international trade and energy transportation. By
leveraging its geographical advantages and
strengthening regional alliances, Indonesia can
enhance its geostrategic position and ensure the
protection of its national interests in the evolving
global landscape.
In conclusion, Indonesia's geostrategic significance
in global and regional politics cannot be
underestimated, largely due to its unique
geographical positioning (Hardini et al., 2023;
Salazar, 2023). As highlighted by Lee and Smith
83

(2019), Indonesia's control over these maritime
chokepoints is a critical asset that provides it with
substantial influence in regional security and
economic affairs. To maximize its strategic
potential, Indonesia must focus on enhancing its
infrastructure and fostering stronger regional
partnerships. This approach will enable Indonesia
to assert its influence more effectively, mitigate its
vulnerabilities, and secure its national interests
amidst the dynamic geopolitical environment.
The strategic importance of these straits is
underscored by their role in global shipping and
energy supply chains. For instance, the Strait of
Malacca is one of the most critical maritime
passages, with a significant portion of the world's
oil and natural gas shipments passing through it.
This makes Indonesia a key player in global energy
security. The ability to influence the flow of goods
and resources through these straits gives
Indonesia significant bargaining power in its
dealings with major global powers like the United
States and China, both of which have vested
interests in maintaining unimpeded access to these
routes.
Indonesia's strategic location also places it at the
heart of Southeast Asian geopolitics, particularly
within the ASEAN framework. By effectively
leveraging its geostrategic position, Indonesia can
Global Power
China
United States
Japan

3.2 Influences and Pressures from Global Powers
Indonesia's geostrategic significance is profoundly
influenced by its location within the Indo-Pacific
region, which is a focal point of global power
dynamics. The strategic importance of Indonesia's
location stems from its position along critical
maritime routes, such as the Strait of Malacca, which
is one of the world's busiest shipping lanes. This has
made Indonesia a pivotal player in regional security
and economic stability. The pressures from global
powers, particularly the United States and China, are
evident in their respective strategies to secure
influence over these key maritime routes.

Table 1. The Influence of Global Powers on Indonesia
Strategy
Impact on Indonesia
Empirical Evidence
Belt and Road Initiative Increased investments in Increased Chinese investments in
(BRI)
infrastructure
ports and railways
Indo-Pacific Strategy
Military partnerships and Enhanced military collaboration in
joint exercises
the region
Free and Open Indo- Economic
aid
and Development aid and collaborative
Pacific (FOIP)
infrastructure projects
projects in Indonesia

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has
significantly increased its economic footprint in
Indonesia, with numerous infrastructure projects,
such as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail
project. This project not only exemplifies China's
investment strategy but also underscores
Indonesia's strategic value in connecting various
parts of Asia. On the other hand, the United States'
Indo-Pacific Strategy has sought to bolster military
and diplomatic ties with Indonesia, evident
through joint military exercises like the annual
Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training
(CARAT) and the Garuda Shield exercises. These
engagements aim to fortify Indonesia's defense
capabilities while ensuring a balance of power in
the region.
Indonesia's strategic location at the crossroads of
major maritime routes places it at the center of
geopolitical rivalries, particularly between the US
and China. This positioning offers significant
84

enhance its leadership role within ASEAN,
promoting regional stability and economic
integration. Furthermore, Indonesia's geographical
advantages can be harnessed to foster stronger
diplomatic and economic ties with other ASEAN
member states, which is crucial for regional
cohesion and collective security. In conclusion,
Indonesia's geostrategic location is a vital asset that,
if managed adeptly, can significantly bolster its
standing in both global and regional political arenas.
The government’s proactive and strategic policies
are essential to fully harness these geostrategic
advantages, ensuring that Indonesia remains a key
player in shaping the future of Southeast Asian
geopolitics.

opportunities for economic growth and increased
global influence through foreign investments and
strategic partnerships. Japan's Free and Open IndoPacific (FOIP) strategy, for instance, has
strengthened its relationship with Indonesia
through substantial economic and infrastructure
support. One notable project is the Patimban deepsea port, designed to enhance Indonesia's
connectivity and logistics capabilities, thereby
reinforcing its geostrategic importance. These
collaborations are crucial for maintaining
Indonesia's relevance in the face of competing global
interests.
However, Indonesia's geostrategic significance is a
double-edged sword. While the influx of foreign
investments and partnerships boosts its economic
and security landscape, it also requires astute
navigation of complex geopolitical dynamics.
Balancing relations with major powers like the US
and China is particularly challenging. The study by
Indonesia's Geostrategic … / Rd. Heri Solehudin

Jones (2020) underscores the need for Indonesia to
maintain its sovereignty and avoid entanglement in
the conflicts of these superpowers. ASEAN's
political cohesion is highlighted as a vital factor in
shaping the foreign policy strategies of its member
states. Indonesia's active participation in ASEAN
can help mitigate external pressures and maintain
a balanced stance amidst global power struggles.
In conclusion, Indonesia's diplomatic engagements
and regional cooperation strategies are pivotal in
sustaining a neutral and advantageous position in
the global arena. Further research is essential to
develop policies that leverage Indonesia's
geostrategic advantages while safeguarding against
potential vulnerabilities. By fostering robust
economic ties and strategic partnerships, and
through
active
participation
in
regional
organizations like ASEAN, Indonesia can navigate
the complexities of global geopolitics to its benefit.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a vital component of
economic growth and resilience. It brings in capital,
technology, and expertise, enhancing the country's
productive capacity. Indonesia has been an attractive
destination for FDI, particularly in sectors such as
manufacturing, services, and natural resources. Data
from the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board
(BKPM) indicates that FDI inflows have been consistent,
although they experienced a slight dip during the global
pandemic.
Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

FDI Inflows (USD Billion)
23.3
24.5
29.3
29.0
32.2
29.3
28.2
27.6
31.2
34.5

3.3 Economic Indicators and National Resilience

Trade Balance

Economic indicators play a crucial role in assessing a
country's national resilience, particularly in the
context of Indonesia's geostrategic position. Economic
stability and growth are fundamental to maintaining
national resilience against external pressures and
influences. This section delves into various economic
indicators that reflect Indonesia's resilience, including
GDP growth rate, foreign direct investment (FDI),
trade balance, and inflation rate. The discussion is
supported by empirical evidence from previous
studies and presented in tabular form to provide a
clear overview of the economic landscape.

The trade balance, which measures the difference
between exports and imports, is another critical
indicator of economic resilience. A positive trade
balance indicates a surplus, which strengthens the
economy, while a negative balance suggests a deficit.
Indonesia has generally maintained a positive trade
balance, driven by its exports of commodities such as
palm oil, coal, and rubber.

GDP Growth Rate
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate is a
primary indicator of economic health and resilience. A
stable and growing GDP suggests a robust economy
capable of withstanding external shocks. Over the past
decade, Indonesia has experienced varied GDP growth
rates, influenced by global economic conditions and
domestic policies. According to data from the World
Bank, Indonesia's GDP growth rate has averaged
around 5% per year, demonstrating a relatively stable
economic performance.
Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

GDP Growth Rate (%)
5.6
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.0
-2.1
3.7
5.3

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

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Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

Exports
(USD
Billion)
182.6
176.3
150.3
144.5
168.8
180.0
167.5
163.3
231.5
292.0

Imports (USD
Billion)

Trade Balance
(USD Billion)

186.6
178.2
142.7
135.7
156.9
188.6
170.7
141.6
196.2
237.0

-4.0
-1.9
7.6
8.8
11.9
-8.6
-3.2
21.7
35.3
55.0

Inflation Rate
The inflation rate affects purchasing power and overall
economic stability. Moderate inflation is typically a sign
of a growing economy, but high inflation can erode
consumer purchasing power and destabilize the
economy. Indonesia has managed to maintain a
relatively stable inflation rate, averaging around 3-4%
annually, according to data from Bank Indonesia.
Year
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

Inflation Rate (%)
8.4
6.4
6.4
3.5
3.8
3.2
3.0
1.7
1.9
85

2022

4.2

Empirical Evidence
Empirical studies support these findings, emphasizing
the importance of economic indicators in assessing
national resilience. For instance, a study by Hill and
Athukorala (2018) highlights the role of FDI and trade
in enhancing Indonesia's economic resilience.
Similarly, research by Basri and Rahardja (2020)
underscores the significance of maintaining a stable
inflation rate for sustainable economic growth.
In conclusion, economic indicators such as GDP growth
rate, FDI inflows, trade balance, and inflation rate are
critical in evaluating Indonesia's national resilience.
These indicators provide a comprehensive overview of
the country's economic health and its ability to
withstand external pressures. By continuously
monitoring and improving these indicators, Indonesia
can enhance its geostrategic position and safeguard its
national interests in the global and regional political
landscape. Further research is necessary to explore the
long-term impacts of these economic indicators on
national resilience and to develop strategies for
sustainable economic development.
Quantitative analysis of economic indicators is pivotal
in assessing Indonesia's geostrategic resilience. Key
indicators such as military expenditure, trade volumes,
foreign direct investment (FDI), and diplomatic
engagements provide essential insights into the
nation's ability to withstand and adapt to geopolitical
pressures. The study's findings indicate a positive
correlation between increased military expenditure
and enhanced national security, suggesting that
investments in defense are crucial for safeguarding
geostrategic interests. This aligns with the notion that
a robust defense infrastructure is fundamental in
maintaining a nation's sovereignty and deterring
external threats.
Moreover, the analysis of trade volumes and FDI
highlights the importance of economic strength in
geostrategic resilience. High trade volumes and
substantial FDI inflows contribute to economic
stability, which in turn supports national security
efforts. A strong economy enables the government to
Policy Recommendation
1. Strengthen ASEAN
Cooperation

2.
Enhance
Capabilities

Military

3. Diversify Diplomatic
Relationships

86

allocate more resources towards defense and
infrastructure, further reinforcing the country's
geostrategic position. Diplomatic engagements also play
a critical role, as fostering strong international
relationships can lead to strategic alliances and
partnerships that bolster Indonesia's standing in both
regional and global politics.
However, the study identifies significant challenges that
hinder the full realization of Indonesia's geostrategic
potential. Inadequate infrastructure and limited
accessibility, particularly in remote regions, pose
substantial barriers. These challenges are echoed in the
World Bank (2021) reports, which emphasize the need
for substantial infrastructure development to support
economic growth and security. Addressing these
infrastructural deficits is crucial for enhancing
connectivity, facilitating trade, and ensuring the
effective deployment of defense resources. Therefore,
comprehensive infrastructure development should be a
national priority to strengthen Indonesia's economic
indicators and, by extension, its national resilience in the
face of evolving geopolitical dynamics.
In conclusion, the study underscores the intricate link
between economic indicators and national resilience.
Strategic investments in military expenditure,
infrastructure, and international diplomacy are
essential for bolstering Indonesia's geostrategic
position. By addressing the identified challenges and
leveraging economic strengths, Indonesia can better
navigate the complexities of global and regional politics,
safeguarding its national interests and achieving its
aspirations. Further research into these areas is
necessary to devise effective strategies and policies that
will support Indonesia's long-term geostrategic
objectives.
3.4 Policy Recommendations
To enhance Indonesia's geostrategic position amidst the
competitive dynamics between the People's Republic of
China (PRC) and the United States (US), the Indonesian
government must adopt and implement strategic
policies. The following recommendations are based on a
comprehensive literature review and supported by
empirical evidence from prior studies:

Table 1: Policy Recommendations and Supporting Evidence
Description
Empirical Evidence
Indonesia should prioritize strengthening A study by Acharya (2014) highlights the
ties with ASEAN member countries to build importance of ASEAN unity in mitigating
a unified regional front. This includes external pressures from global powers.
enhancing economic, political, and security
collaborations.
Increasing the defense budget and Research by Huxley (2019) shows that
modernizing military infrastructure will military modernization is crucial for
enable Indonesia to better protect its maintaining national security in the face of
territorial sovereignty and respond to increasing geopolitical tensions.
regional threats.
Beyond ASEAN and traditional allies, Findings from a study by Smith (2020)
Indonesia should seek to build and diversify indicate that diversified diplomatic ties
diplomatic relations with other global provide more strategic options and reduce
dependency on any single country.
Indonesia's Geostrategic … / Rd. Heri Solehudin

4. Invest in Infrastructure
Development
5. Promote Economic
Diversification

powers like the European Union, India, and
Japan.
Developing
robust
infrastructure,
particularly in remote and border areas, will
enhance economic stability and national
resilience against external influences.
Reducing reliance on a few key industries by
promoting diverse economic sectors can
help shield the economy from global market
fluctuations and political pressures.

Discussion
1.

2.

3.

Strengthen ASEAN Cooperation: Indonesia's role
within ASEAN is pivotal. By fostering stronger ties
with ASEAN members, Indonesia can ensure a
collective approach to regional security and
economic stability. This strategy is supported by
Acharya (2014), who emphasizes ASEAN’s
potential to act as a buffer against external
geopolitical pressures.
Enhance Military Capabilities: Given the
strategic importance of Indonesia's geographical
position, enhancing military capabilities is
essential. Huxley (2019) asserts that military
modernization not only bolsters national defense
but also acts as a deterrent against potential
threats, thereby securing Indonesia's sovereignty.
Diversify Diplomatic Relationships: Diversifying
diplomatic engagements beyond traditional
alliances can provide Indonesia with more
strategic leverage. According to Smith (2020), such
diversification helps mitigate risks associated with
over-reliance on any single geopolitical entity and
opens new avenues for economic and political
collaboration.

4.

Invest
in
Infrastructure
Development:
Infrastructure is the backbone of national security
and economic prosperity. Investments in
infrastructure, particularly in underdeveloped
regions, can significantly enhance national
resilience. The World Bank (2018) report
underscores the positive impact of infrastructure
development on economic stability and security.

5.

Promote Economic Diversification: To safeguard
against global economic uncertainties, Indonesia
should promote diverse economic sectors. Hill
(2015) highlights that economic diversification is
crucial for sustainable development and reduces
the economy's vulnerability to external shocks.

In conclusion, these policy recommendations are
crucial for strengthening Indonesia's geostrategic
position in the face of global and regional political
dynamics. By leveraging ASEAN cooperation,
enhancing military capabilities, diversifying diplomatic
relationships, investing in infrastructure, and
promoting economic diversification, Indonesia can
better safeguard its national interests and achieve its
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Empirical evidence from a report by the
World Bank (2018) suggests that improved
infrastructure
development
directly
correlates with increased national resilience.
Research by Hill (2015) demonstrates that
economic diversification is a key factor in
achieving sustainable development and
economic stability.

long-term strategic goals. Further empirical research
and continuous policy evaluation will be essential in
navigating the complexities of the evolving geopolitical
landscape.
The dynamic nature of global and regional politics
necessitates a proactive approach in safeguarding
Indonesia's geostrategic interests. Based on the
synthesized data from the comprehensive literature
review, this research offers several key policy
recommendations to bolster Indonesia's position in the
geopolitical landscape.
Firstly, there is a strong emphasis on infrastructure
development, particularly in strategic areas. This
includes
upgrading
transportation
networks,
enhancing digital infrastructure, and modernizing
military facilities. Robust infrastructure is the
backbone of economic growth and military
preparedness, providing the necessary support for
both economic activities and defense capabilities. By
investing in infrastructure, Indonesia can ensure that it
remains competitive and resilient against external
pressures.
Secondly, enhancing diplomatic engagement through
active participation in regional organizations like
ASEAN is crucial. Indonesia should take a leading role
in ASEAN to promote political cohesion and collective
security. Diplomatic efforts should focus on building
trust and cooperation among member states,
addressing common challenges, and fostering a united
front in global affairs. Active participation in ASEAN can
amplify Indonesia's voice on the international stage
and strengthen its influence in regional decisionmaking processes.
Lastly, fostering regional cooperation initiatives,
especially in areas of mutual interest such as maritime
security, economic development, and environmental
sustainability, is vital. Collaborative efforts can lead to
shared benefits and contribute to regional stability. For
instance, joint maritime patrols can enhance security in
the South China Sea, while economic partnerships can
drive regional growth. By prioritizing regional
cooperation, Indonesia can create a stable and
prosperous environment that supports its long-term
strategic goals.
In conclusion, these policy recommendations are
designed to support Indonesia in navigating the
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understanding key concepts such as “global politics,”
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development, increased diplomatic engagement, and
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