Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship

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Empowering Lives: An Islamic Boarding School's Sustainable Economic

Authors

Keywords: Economic Empowerment, Entrepreneurship Education, Islamic Boarding School, One Pesantren One Product, West Java

Abstract

The background of this study focuses on the challenges faced by Islamic boarding schools in West Java, where there are around 1,300 Islamic boarding schools with more than 100,000 students who need sufficient financial resources to support their educational activities and economic development. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) Program in empowering the economy of Islamic boarding schools in the region. The research method used is literature analysis with a qualitative approach, where data is collected from 15 relevant publications published between 2015 and 2023. The data analysis techniques applied include categorizing themes and mapping research results related to the implementation of OPOP. The results of the study indicate that the OPOP program has succeeded in increasing the economic capacity of 60% of Islamic boarding schools through the development of superior products produced by students. In addition, 75% of Islamic boarding schools involved in this program reported a significant increase in income, and 80% of students felt more motivated to learn and become entrepreneurs. The conclusion of this study confirms that the OPOP initiative not only strengthens the economy of Islamic boarding schools, but also improves the quality of education and entrepreneurial skills of students. This study provides recommendations for strengthening policies and ongoing support for the OPOP program so that Islamic boarding schools can be more financially independent and contribute to local economic development.

References

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Ahmed, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy. International Journal of Management Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327

Al-Qahtani, M. M. Z. (2020). The economic empowerment of saudi women in the light of saudi vision 2030. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(11), 1269–1279. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.1011.1269.1279

Auerswald, P. (2022). Entrepreneurial opportunity and related specialization in economic ecosystems. Research Policy, 51(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104445

Begum, A. (2021). Impact of environmental moral education on pro-environmental behaviour: Do psychological empowerment and islamic religiosity matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041604

Bulkan, G. (2020). Techno-economic analysis of bioethanol plant by-product valorization: Exploring market opportunities with protein-rich fungal biomass production. Fermentation, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6040099

Chomać-Pierzecka, E. (2022). RES Market Development and Public Awareness of the Economic and Environmental Dimension of the Energy Transformation in Poland and Lithuania. Energies, 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155461

Conti, F. P., da Silva, G., & de Andrade, W. (2024). The Role of Knowledge Engineering, Management and Media in the Knowledge Society: A Research Agenda. In O. N. & B. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, ECKM (Vols. 2024-Septe, pp. 153 – 162). Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. https://doi.org/10.34190/eckm.25.1.2889

Corple, D. J. (2024). Empowerment at Work?: Examining Employment-Based Economic Empowerment Initiatives for Survivors of Commercial Sexual Exploitation. Violence Against Women, 30(6), 1407–1430. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012231181047

Dabbous, A. (2023). Digital Explosion and Entrepreneurship Education: Impact on Promoting Entrepreneurial Intention for Business Students. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010027

de Soysa, I. (2023). Free market capitalism and societal inequities: Assessing the effects of economic freedom on income inequality and the equity of access to opportunity, 1990–2017. International Political Science Review, 44(4), 471–491. https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121211039985

Dellyana, D. (2020). Capturing the velocity of sharia economy through an Islamic boarding school’s (Pesantren) B2B e-commerce. Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN, 457–484. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4984-1.ch023

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Fazlurrahman, H. (2022). Pesantren (Islamic Boarding Schools): The Largest Form of Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesia. Driving Entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia, 54–61. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003260783-5

García-González, A. (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: changemaker training at the university. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(5), 1236–1251. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0009

Gibbs, A. (2020). The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: An individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan. BMJ Global Health, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001946

Goksal, F. P. (2022). An economic analysis of scrap tire pyrolysis, potential and new opportunities. Heliyon, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11669

Hassan, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education and Training, 62(7), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033

Jardim, J. (2021). Towards a global entrepreneurial culture: A systematic review of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs. Education Sciences, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080398

Kammer-Kerwick, M. (2022). Asset-Based, Sustainable Local Economic Development: Using Community Participation to Improve Quality of Life Across Rural, Small-Town, and Urban Communities. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(5), 3023–3047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10051-1

Kannah, R. Y. (2021). Techno-economic assessment of various hydrogen production methods – A review. Bioresource Technology, 319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124175

Muslim, A. B. (2024). Indonesian pesantren-affiliated higher education: universal Islamic values to develop locally engaged but globally oriented multilingual graduates. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 29(1), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2023.2285633

Najjuma, S. M. (2024). Economic Empowerment for Enhanced Health Equity: A Qualitative Study of Women Living with HIV in Wakiso District, Uganda. Affilia - Feminist Inquiry in Social Work, 39(4), 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1177/08861099241235345

Nassar, S. (2023). Economic empowerment as a result of achieving SDGs with resource access: A comparative research between Gaza Strip and Hungary. Journal of International Studies, 16(2), 9–33. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-2/1

Nnaeme, C. C. (2022). ‘The community comes to life’: How Social Grants Enable Participation in the Local Economy and Possible Effect on Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery in Soweto South Africa. Forum for Development Studies, 49(3), 493–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2022.2085167

Paladino, A. (2022). Innovation or entrepreneurship: Which comes first? Exploring the implications for higher education. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 39(4), 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12637

Patil, A. B. (2023). Opportunities in Critical Rare Earth Metal Recycling Value Chains for Economic Growth with Sustainable Technological Innovations. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 3(2), 1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-022-00204-7

Purwanto, M. R. (2021). Optimization of Student Character Education through the Pesantren Program at the Islamic Boarding School of the Universitas Islam Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(5), 2829–2837. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.05.179

Rahayu, T. K. (2020). Application Report Process of Islamic School Based on Pesantren Boarding Using Waterfall Model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1569(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/2/022025

Rahman, B. A. (2022). Islamic revival and cultural diversity: Pesantren’s configuration in contemporary Aceh, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 12(1), 201–229. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i1.201-229

Schultz, C. (2022). A Balanced Strategy for Entrepreneurship Education: Engaging Students by Using Multiple Course Modes in a Business Curriculum. Journal of Management Education, 46(2), 313–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/10525629211017958

SECUNDO, G. (2021). Threat or opportunity? A case study of digital-enabled redesign of entrepreneurship education in the COVID-19 emergency. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120565

Sidek, S., Abdullah, M. R., & Leong, E. C. (2024). SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BUSINESS. In Sustainable Development in Business. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207535598&partnerID=40&md5=4a56734b799c5a5e4cfe2984340b28a8

Sinkovics, N. (2021). The business responsibility matrix: a diagnostic tool to aid the design of better interventions for achieving the SDGs. Multinational Business Review, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-07-2020-0154

Sulaiman, A. I. (2023). ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONAL EMPOWERMENT MODEL AS A CLIMATE AND ENERGY INDEPENDENT VILLAGE BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n6-022

Tang, J. (2024). Can CEO environmental awareness promote new product development performance? Empirical research on Chinese manufacturing firms. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 985–1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3527

Tseng, T. H. (2022). Relationships between locus of control, theory of planned behavior, and cyber entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of cyber entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100682

Uddin, M. (2022). Developing entrepreneurial intentions among business graduates of higher educational institutions through entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100647

van Zanten, J. A. (2021). Towards nexus-based governance: defining interactions between economic activities and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 28(3), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2020.1768452

Voola, R. (2022). B2B marketing scholarship and the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs): A systematic literature review. Industrial Marketing Management, 101, 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.11.013

Wander, C. (2020). Schizophrenia: Opportunities to improve outcomes and reduce economic burden through managed care. American Journal of Managed Care, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.37765/AJMC.2020.43013

Wang, X. (2024). An Empirical Study on the Indirect Empowerment of Economic Development by the Digital Economy-Based on the Perspective of China’s Domestic Economic Cycle. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 9393–9419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01445-z

Wardana, L. W. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education and students’ entrepreneurial mindset: the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04922

Winter, J. (2022). Teaching environmental sustainability in China: opportunities and challenges for business and economics faculty in higher education. Environmental Education Research, 28(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.2012560

Wu, L. (2022). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions of College Students: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Competition Experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727826

Yadav, A. K. (2021). Education, employment, economic status and empowerment: Implications for maternal health care services utilization in India. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2259

Yuliatun, T., Putranta, H., & Uskenat, K. (2024). Development of natural sciences e-modules based on android with a science, environment, technology, and society approach in the earth structure chapter. Revista Mexicana de Fisica E, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFisE.21.010213

Zaki, I. (2022). Islamic community-based business cooperation and sustainable development goals: a case of pesantren community in Indonesia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2021-0218

Agrawal, R. (2022). Attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs) through supply chain practices and business strategies: A systematic review with bibliometric and network analyses. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(7), 3669–3687. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3057

Ahmed, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy. International Journal of Management Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327

Al-Qahtani, M. M. Z. (2020). The economic empowerment of saudi women in the light of saudi vision 2030. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(11), 1269–1279. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.1011.1269.1279

Auerswald, P. (2022). Entrepreneurial opportunity and related specialization in economic ecosystems. Research Policy, 51(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104445

Begum, A. (2021). Impact of environmental moral education on pro-environmental behaviour: Do psychological empowerment and islamic religiosity matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041604

Bulkan, G. (2020). Techno-economic analysis of bioethanol plant by-product valorization: Exploring market opportunities with protein-rich fungal biomass production. Fermentation, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6040099

Chomać-Pierzecka, E. (2022). RES Market Development and Public Awareness of the Economic and Environmental Dimension of the Energy Transformation in Poland and Lithuania. Energies, 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155461

Conti, F. P., da Silva, G., & de Andrade, W. (2024). The Role of Knowledge Engineering, Management and Media in the Knowledge Society: A Research Agenda. In O. N. & B. A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, ECKM (Vols. 2024-Septe, pp. 153 – 162). Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. https://doi.org/10.34190/eckm.25.1.2889

Corple, D. J. (2024). Empowerment at Work?: Examining Employment-Based Economic Empowerment Initiatives for Survivors of Commercial Sexual Exploitation. Violence Against Women, 30(6), 1407–1430. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012231181047

Dabbous, A. (2023). Digital Explosion and Entrepreneurship Education: Impact on Promoting Entrepreneurial Intention for Business Students. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010027

de Soysa, I. (2023). Free market capitalism and societal inequities: Assessing the effects of economic freedom on income inequality and the equity of access to opportunity, 1990–2017. International Political Science Review, 44(4), 471–491. https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121211039985

Dellyana, D. (2020). Capturing the velocity of sharia economy through an Islamic boarding school’s (Pesantren) B2B e-commerce. Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN, 457–484. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4984-1.ch023

Eisenmenger, N. (2020). The Sustainable Development Goals prioritize economic growth over sustainable resource use: a critical reflection on the SDGs from a socio-ecological perspective. Sustainability Science, 15(4), 1101–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00813-x

Fazlurrahman, H. (2022). Pesantren (Islamic Boarding Schools): The Largest Form of Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesia. Driving Entrepreneurship in Southeast Asia, 54–61. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003260783-5

García-González, A. (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: changemaker training at the university. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(5), 1236–1251. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0009

Gibbs, A. (2020). The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: An individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan. BMJ Global Health, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001946

Goksal, F. P. (2022). An economic analysis of scrap tire pyrolysis, potential and new opportunities. Heliyon, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11669

Hassan, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education and Training, 62(7), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033

Jardim, J. (2021). Towards a global entrepreneurial culture: A systematic review of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs. Education Sciences, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080398

Kammer-Kerwick, M. (2022). Asset-Based, Sustainable Local Economic Development: Using Community Participation to Improve Quality of Life Across Rural, Small-Town, and Urban Communities. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(5), 3023–3047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10051-1

Kannah, R. Y. (2021). Techno-economic assessment of various hydrogen production methods – A review. Bioresource Technology, 319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124175

Muslim, A. B. (2024). Indonesian pesantren-affiliated higher education: universal Islamic values to develop locally engaged but globally oriented multilingual graduates. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 29(1), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2023.2285633

Najjuma, S. M. (2024). Economic Empowerment for Enhanced Health Equity: A Qualitative Study of Women Living with HIV in Wakiso District, Uganda. Affilia - Feminist Inquiry in Social Work, 39(4), 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1177/08861099241235345

Nassar, S. (2023). Economic empowerment as a result of achieving SDGs with resource access: A comparative research between Gaza Strip and Hungary. Journal of International Studies, 16(2), 9–33. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-2/1

Nnaeme, C. C. (2022). ‘The community comes to life’: How Social Grants Enable Participation in the Local Economy and Possible Effect on Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery in Soweto South Africa. Forum for Development Studies, 49(3), 493–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2022.2085167

Paladino, A. (2022). Innovation or entrepreneurship: Which comes first? Exploring the implications for higher education. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 39(4), 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12637

Patil, A. B. (2023). Opportunities in Critical Rare Earth Metal Recycling Value Chains for Economic Growth with Sustainable Technological Innovations. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 3(2), 1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-022-00204-7

Purwanto, M. R. (2021). Optimization of Student Character Education through the Pesantren Program at the Islamic Boarding School of the Universitas Islam Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(5), 2829–2837. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.05.179

Rahayu, T. K. (2020). Application Report Process of Islamic School Based on Pesantren Boarding Using Waterfall Model. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1569(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/2/022025

Rahman, B. A. (2022). Islamic revival and cultural diversity: Pesantren’s configuration in contemporary Aceh, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 12(1), 201–229. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i1.201-229

Schultz, C. (2022). A Balanced Strategy for Entrepreneurship Education: Engaging Students by Using Multiple Course Modes in a Business Curriculum. Journal of Management Education, 46(2), 313–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/10525629211017958

SECUNDO, G. (2021). Threat or opportunity? A case study of digital-enabled redesign of entrepreneurship education in the COVID-19 emergency. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120565

Sidek, S., Abdullah, M. R., & Leong, E. C. (2024). SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BUSINESS. In Sustainable Development in Business. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207535598&partnerID=40&md5=4a56734b799c5a5e4cfe2984340b28a8

Sinkovics, N. (2021). The business responsibility matrix: a diagnostic tool to aid the design of better interventions for achieving the SDGs. Multinational Business Review, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-07-2020-0154

Sulaiman, A. I. (2023). ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONAL EMPOWERMENT MODEL AS A CLIMATE AND ENERGY INDEPENDENT VILLAGE BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n6-022

Tang, J. (2024). Can CEO environmental awareness promote new product development performance? Empirical research on Chinese manufacturing firms. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 985–1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3527

Tseng, T. H. (2022). Relationships between locus of control, theory of planned behavior, and cyber entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of cyber entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100682

Uddin, M. (2022). Developing entrepreneurial intentions among business graduates of higher educational institutions through entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100647

van Zanten, J. A. (2021). Towards nexus-based governance: defining interactions between economic activities and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 28(3), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2020.1768452

Voola, R. (2022). B2B marketing scholarship and the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs): A systematic literature review. Industrial Marketing Management, 101, 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.11.013

Wander, C. (2020). Schizophrenia: Opportunities to improve outcomes and reduce economic burden through managed care. American Journal of Managed Care, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.37765/AJMC.2020.43013

Wang, X. (2024). An Empirical Study on the Indirect Empowerment of Economic Development by the Digital Economy-Based on the Perspective of China’s Domestic Economic Cycle. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 9393–9419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01445-z

Wardana, L. W. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education and students’ entrepreneurial mindset: the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04922

Winter, J. (2022). Teaching environmental sustainability in China: opportunities and challenges for business and economics faculty in higher education. Environmental Education Research, 28(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.2012560

Wu, L. (2022). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions of College Students: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Competition Experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727826

Yadav, A. K. (2021). Education, employment, economic status and empowerment: Implications for maternal health care services utilization in India. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2259

Yuliatun, T., Putranta, H., & Uskenat, K. (2024). Development of natural sciences e-modules based on android with a science, environment, technology, and society approach in the earth structure chapter. Revista Mexicana de Fisica E, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.31349/RevMexFisE.21.010213

Zaki, I. (2022). Islamic community-based business cooperation and sustainable development goals: a case of pesantren community in Indonesia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(4), 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2021-0218

Empowering Lives: An Islamic Boarding School's Sustainable Economic

Published

2024-12-20

How to Cite

Nursaid, N., Zamil, R., & Labh, A. (2024). Empowering Lives: An Islamic Boarding School’s Sustainable Economic. Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.61650/rjme.v2i2.324

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