Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 2 (2), pp. 65-77, 2024 Received 8 October 2023 / published 20 December 2024 https://doi.org/10.61650/rjme.v2i1.227 The Impact of Motivation, Communication, and Climate on Employee Performance at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara Nopa Dwi Saputra1*, Rafikha Anggraini2, and Triono3 1 Institut Teknologi Muhammadiyah Sumatera (ITMS), Indonesia 2 Institut Teknologi Muhammadiyah Sumatera (ITMS), Indonesia 3 Institut Teknologi Muhammadiyah Sumatera (ITMS), Indonesia *Corresponding author: nopa.dwisaputra14@gmail.com KEYWORDS Intrinsic Motivation Communication Strategies Organizational Climate Employee Performance ABSTRACT In contemporary organizational settings, understanding the drivers of employee performance is crucial. This research explores the relationship between intrinsic motivation, effective communication strategies, and a supportive work environment on the performance of employees at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara. Employing a mixedmethod approach, this study integrates qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, involving 77 employees over the period 2022-2023. Unlike previous studies, this research applies the Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory to motivation and uses Shannon and Weaver’s Model of Communication to examine communication strategies. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to provide a holistic view of these relationships. Results reveal that intrinsic motivation is a principal factor affecting performance, as it enhances employees' goal orientation and work satisfaction. Effective communication strategies, particularly those that promote transparency and feedback, significantly improve performance by fostering trust and collaboration. A positive organizational climate, characterized by inclusivity and recognition, also enhances performance. The findings underscore the importance of leadership commitment in cultivating an environment that promotes these factors. Data collection was achieved through structured interviews and online questionnaires, ensuring diverse and comprehensive feedback. This study contributes to organizational behavior literature by highlighting the synergy between motivation, communication, and climate in driving performance. Such insights can guide management practices in optimizing employee potential. © The Author(s) 2024 1. INTRODUCTION In the dynamic landscape of modern organizations, optimizing employee performance remains a pressing challenge that requires attention from both researchers and practitioners (Jena & Das, 2022; Khan et al., 2020; Mahawar et al., 2021). The increasing complexity of workplace environments necessitates a deeper exploration of the factors that drive performance (Mou et al., 2022; Zacharias et al., 2021), particularly motivation, communication, and organizational climate (Asikin-Mijan et al., 2020; Kelkar & Arthur, 2022; Muhammad et al., 2020). These elements are crucial not only for achieving organizational goals but also for creating a work atmosphere that nurtures employee satisfaction and productivity (Lee et al., 2021; Lopes & Tannous, 2020; Zhao et al., 2022). This study, conducted at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara, aims to examine these variables within a cohesive framework (Dialga & Ouoba, 2022; Hina et al., 2022), considering their interplay and collective impact on performance (Ahmed & Kumalasari, 2023; Sitopu et al., 2021). Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... The urgency of this research is highlighted by the intensifying competition and evolving organizational dynamics that demand enhanced employee performance (Fauza et al., 2023; Laila et al., 2023; Tjolli et al., 2021). Companies are increasingly aware that traditional management methods may not suffice in ensuring high productivity (Lu et al., 2024; Siskha et al., 2021; Zou, 2020). Instead, there is a critical need to investigate the psychological and environmental factors that motivate employees (Bailey et al., 2021; Campbell, 2021; Picatoste et al., 2021). By providing insights into how intrinsic motivation and effective communication strategies can be harnessed (Grace & Malar, 2020; Phanga et al., 2022), this research seeks to improve performance and offer significant advantages in today’s competitive market, linking back to the key elements identified initially (Bi et al., 2024; Rykała, 2020; Wahana et al., 2022). One of the primary challenges organizations face is effectively integrating motivational strategies with communication and climate initiatives (Maxwell, 2020; Muhamad et al., 2021; Setiyowati et al., 2022). Many organizations struggle to align these components (Ardiana et al., 2024; Nursaid et al., 2024), resulting in fragmented efforts that fail to achieve the desired outcomes. This research emphasizes that combining intrinsic motivation with transparent communication practices and a supportive work environment can significantly enhance employee engagement and performance (Lee et al., 2021; Musheke & Phiri, 2021; VIZANO et al., 2022). Achieving this synergy requires a nuanced understanding of how these factors interact, which this study aims to clarify, reinforcing the need for a holistic approach to employee motivation and productivity (Gagné et al., 2022; Guzmán et al., 2024; Virdin et al., 2022). To tackle the challenge of employee performance, the research employs Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory alongside Shannon and Weaver’s Model of Communication, exploring these dynamics in an innovative manner. By integrating these established theories into the analysis, the study presents a fresh perspective on optimizing motivation and communication to bolster performance (Austin-Egole et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2021; Yuniwati et al., 2023). Additionally, the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) offers a comprehensive view of how these variables interact, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding that can inform improved practices in organizational management (Chanana & Sangeeta, 2021; Mastika et al., 2023; Novoa et al., 2024). This approach underscores the significance of motivation and communication in fostering an environment that supports high performance (Darmayanti et al., 2023; Djuharni et al., 2023; Hendarto & Hiat, 2024). The theoretical implications of this research delve into the essential need for a cohesive understanding of employee performance (Alalwan et al., 2022; Fan et al., 2021), emphasizing how motivation, communication, and organizational climate are deeply interconnected (Nabahani & Riyanto, 2020; Zhu, 2020). Traditional views often treat these elements as isolated factors (Chiang, 2022; Nguyen et al., 2020), which can lead to a fragmented understanding of employee dynamics within an organization. This study, however, challenges such siloed perspectives and advocates for a more integrated analysis that recognizes the intricate interplay among these components. The research highlights that understanding these connections is not merely an academic exercise but a practical necessity for organizations aiming to enhance employee engagement and productivity (Ayyagari et al., 2021; Hardiyanti et al., 2022; Priyanto et al., 2022). By examining how motivation, communication, and climate interact, this study offers valuable insights for managers seeking to improve workplace performance. The findings suggest that aligning motivational strategies with effective communication methods can significantly uplift employee engagement (Cahyadi et al., 2023; Pata et al., 2024; Wasiuzzaman et al., 2022). For instance, when employees feel motivated and supported through clear and open communication, they are more likely to engage fully with their work (Wijaya et al., 2021; Yue et al., 2021). Furthermore, fostering a supportive organizational climate, where employees feel 66 Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... valued and understood, can amplify these effects (Chauhan et al., 2020; Hasan et al., 2021; Sembiring et al., 2020). This integrated approach allows organizations to unlock the full potential of their workforce, leading to improved outcomes across various performance metrics. Moreover, this research contributes significantly to the existing literature on organizational behavior by shedding light on the synergies between motivation, communication, and climate (March & Failler, 2022; Möller et al., 2020; Paais & Pattiruhu, 2020). Previous studies often approached these factors as discrete entities, examining their effects on employee performance in isolation. However, this study reveals their interdependence and cumulative impact, which is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies that address employee engagement (Purba et al., 2021; VIZANO et al., 2022). By recognizing the interconnected nature of these elements, organizations can implement more effective interventions that support multiple facets of employee performance simultaneously. This reinforces the importance of adopting a holistic approach in organizational practices, rather than piecemeal solutions that may overlook essential relationships among these factors. Understanding the interconnected elements of motivation, communication, and climate allows organizations to cultivate a more supportive and productive environment. For example, a workplace that encourages open communication can lead to higher levels of trust and collaboration among employees. When team members feel comfortable sharing ideas and feedback, it not only enhances motivation but also contributes to a positive organizational climate. As a result, employees are likely to be more engaged, leading to increased productivity and job satisfaction. This study emphasizes that organizations should actively seek to nurture these relationships to create a thriving workplace culture. In conclusion, the research underscores the critical role that intrinsic motivation, effective communication strategies, and a supportive organizational climate play in driving employee performance, particularly at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara. By employing innovative theoretical frameworks and robust empirical methods, the study provides a nuanced understanding of how these factors interact and influence one another. The findings offer practical guidance for organizations that aim to optimize their human resources, ultimately resulting in enhanced productivity and a competitive advantage in the market. This comprehensive perspective highlights the necessity of integrating various elements of organizational behavior to create a thriving workplace. By embracing this holistic view, organizations can better address the complexities of employee engagement and performance. It is essential for leaders and managers to recognize that enhancing employee performance is not solely about isolated strategies but rather about creating an ecosystem where motivation, communication, and climate work synergistically. In doing so, organizations position themselves not just to survive but to flourish in today’s competitive landscape, ensuring long-term success and sustainability. 2. METHODS 2.1 Research Design The research design adopted in this study is a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing employee performance at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara. The study was conducted over the period of 2022-2023, with a sample size of 77 employees. This design allows for a nuanced understanding of the interactions between intrinsic motivation, communication strategies, and organizational climate. The process began with qualitative interviews to capture in-depth perspectives, followed by quantitative surveys for broader validation. The sequential exploratory strategy employed ensures that qualitative insights inform quantitative measures, enhancing the reliability and validity of the findings. Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 67 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... Figure 1 shows the design stages and activities in the research. 2.2 Data Collection Techniques Data collection for the study was carried out through a combination of structured interviews and online questionnaires, aimed at gaining a comprehensive understanding of employee perceptions and experiences related to motivation and communication. The structured interviews were particularly valuable, offering qualitative depth by allowing participants to express their thoughts and feelings in detail. A total of 20 interviews were conducted, each lasting around 45 minutes, which enabled the researchers to gather rich insights. Following these interviews, an online questionnaire was developed based on the qualitative data gathered. This questionnaire consisted of 30 questions designed to quantitatively assess three primary variables: motivation, communication, and organizational climate. By utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study aimed to create a well-rounded analysis of the factors influencing employee motivation and communication within the workplace. The combination of in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires allowed for a thorough exploration of the topic, ensuring that the findings would be both meaningful and applicable to improving workplace dynamics. This multifaceted approach not only enhanced the reliability of the data collected but also provided a broader perspective on the interrelationship between motivation, communication, and the overall climate of the organization. Table 1: Data Collection Overview Method Participants Duration/Number Interviews 20 45 minutes each Questionnaires 77 30 questions 2.3 Data Analysis Approach The data analysis utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a sophisticated statistical method designed to explore complex relationships among various variables. SEM was selected due to its capability to present a detailed understanding of how these variables interact with one another, as well as to assess the overall fit of the proposed model. By employing this technique, researchers can gain insights into the underlying patterns and connections within the data that might not be readily apparent through simpler analytical methods. The analysis was carried out using SPSS and AMOS software, both of which are recognized for their powerful statistical capabilities. This combination of SEM with advanced software tools ensured that the results obtained were not only robust but also reliable, providing a solid foundation for drawing conclusions and making informed decisions based on the findings. The use of SEM in this context highlights its importance in advanced data analysis, allowing researchers to delve deeper into the intricacies of their data and uncover Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 68 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... significant relationships that contribute to a richer understanding of the subject matter under investigation. Overall, the application of SEM, along with the chosen software, facilitated a thorough examination of the data, enabling the researchers to validate their model and enhance the credibility of their results. Table 2: Key Analysis Steps Description Ensuring accuracy and completeness of survey responses. Descriptive Stats Summarizing basic features of the data. SEM Application Examining relationships between variables. Model Validation Testing for model fit and robustness. Step Data Cleaning 2.4 Research Instruments with a combination of Likert scale and multiplechoice questions. This structured format facilitated The research utilized two main instruments for data the collection of quantifiable data, enabling the collection: an interview guide and an online researchers to analyze trends and patterns in questionnaire. The interview guide was crafted employee feedback more systematically. By with open-ended questions aimed at encouraging employing both qualitative and quantitative participants to provide in-depth responses methods, the study aimed to gain a comprehensive regarding their experiences and perceptions understanding of the factors influencing employee related to employee motivation and communication motivation and the ways in which communication practices within the organization. This qualitative practices impact overall workplace satisfaction. approach allowed for a rich exploration of the This dual approach not only enriched the research nuances behind employee engagement and the findings but also provided a more holistic view of effectiveness of communication strategies. On the the organizational dynamics at play. other hand, the online questionnaire was designed Table 3: Research Instruments Instrument Description Interview Guide Open-ended questions for qualitative insights. Questionnaire 30 questions, including Likert scales for analysis. 2.5 Challenges and Opportunities This research faced multiple challenges, particularly in maintaining participant engagement and accurately recording the intricate dynamics among motivation, communication, and organizational climate. Despite these difficulties, they also opened up avenues for methodological advancements, notably through the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which enabled a deep exploration of the complex Aspect Participant Engagement Data Complexity Practical Application interactions between these variables. The empirical evidence collected during this study not only highlights the significance of understanding these relationships but also presents substantial opportunities for further investigation and practical implementation within organizational contexts. By navigating the challenges encountered, the research ultimately contributes valuable insights that can inform future studies and enhance practices in organizational environments. Table 4: Challenges and Opportunities Challenge Opportunity Ensuring sustained interest in Developing engaging and relevant the study. research instruments. Capturing complex interactions Utilizing advanced analysis between variables. techniques like SEM. Translating findings into Providing insights that can guide actionable strategies. managerial decision-making. Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 69 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Analysis of the Regression Equation The regression equation derived from the study— Y = 10.048 + 0.401X1 + 0.068X2 + 0.448X3— serves as a vital quantitative tool for analyzing how various factors influence employee performance. The equation breaks down into several components, where Y represents the employee performance, while X1, X2, and X3 correspond to motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate, respectively. The constant term, 10.048, signifies the expected level of employee performance when all the independent variables are held at zero. This baseline indicates that there are other unmeasured factors that contribute to employee performance, suggesting that the environment in which employees operate has inherent influences aside from the three specified variables. Examining the coefficients reveals the relative impact of each variable on performance. The coefficient for motivation (0.401) indicates a strong positive relationship, suggesting that as motivation increases, employee performance is likely to improve. This finding aligns with various theories about the importance of motivation in the workplace, particularly Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which posits that intrinsic motivators are essential for fostering job satisfaction and enhancing performance. In contrast, the coefficient for interpersonal communication (0.068) suggests a less significant influence on performance compared to motivation and organizational climate. This lower impact may be due to the inherent complexities associated with measuring effective communication within diverse organizational settings. The Shannon and Weaver Model highlights that communication is not merely about transmitting information; it involves understanding and interpreting messages, which can lead to miscommunication. Thus, the effectiveness of interpersonal communication may vary greatly depending on the context and the individuals involved. On the other hand, the organizational climate variable boasts the highest coefficient at 0.448, indicating that it has the most substantial effect on employee performance among the three factors analyzed. Empirical studies reinforce this observation, emphasizing that a positive organizational climate often correlates with greater job satisfaction and enhanced productivity. For instance, Schneider et al. (2017) found that organizations with a supportive climate see significant improvements in employee engagement and performance metrics. In summary, the regression equation illustrates the intricate relationships between motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate in influencing employee performance. While all three variables play essential roles, the findings underscore the paramount importance of fostering a positive organizational climate and nurturing motivation among employees to maximize performance outcomes. This comprehensive understanding can guide organizational leaders in developing strategies that promote a conducive work environment and enhance overall productivity. Table 5: Regression Coefficients Variable Coefficient (b) Interpretation Constant 10.048 Baseline performance level Motivation (X1) 0.401 Moderate positive impact on performance Interpersonal Communication (X2) 0.068 Minimal positive impact on performance Organizational Climate (X3) 0.448 Strong positive impact on performance B. Simultaneous F-Test Analysis The simultaneous F-test results provide compelling evidence regarding the relationship between various factors and employee performance at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara. With an Fcount of 49.504 and a significance level of 0.000, the data indicates a strong correlation among motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate as they collectively influence employee performance. The significance level of 0.000 is significantly lower than the conventional threshold of 0.05, underscoring the reliability and validity of the test outcomes. This statistical analysis supports the hypothesis that these independent variables, when analyzed together, exert a meaningful Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 70 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... impact on performance metrics within the organization. Delving deeper into the implications of these findings, it is essential to recognize the significant role that motivation plays in enhancing employee performance. nurtures employee well-being and satisfaction, encouraging them to take initiative and contribute positively to organizational goals. Conversely, a detrimental climate can lead to disengagement and lower performance levels. Thus, cultivating a positive organizational climate is paramount for sustained employee performance. Research corroborates these findings, suggesting that a multifaceted approach to enhancing employee performance is essential. For instance, studies conducted by Locke and Latham in 2019 highlight the synergistic effect of combining motivational strategies, effective communication, and a supportive climate. Their work emphasizes that organizations should not isolate any single factor but rather adopt a comprehensive strategy that integrates all three elements. This holistic approach is likely to yield more substantial performance improvements and foster a thriving workplace culture. Motivation can manifest in various forms, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which collectively drive employees to achieve their best. Intrinsic motivation stems from personal satisfaction and the fulfillment of achieving goals, while extrinsic motivation is often influenced by external rewards, recognition, and incentives. When organizations successfully blend these motivational strategies, they create a conducive environment for performance improvement. Moreover, effective interpersonal communication is equally critical in fostering a collaborative workplace culture. Clear communication channels facilitate the exchange of ideas, feedback, and expectations, which in turn cultivates trust and teamwork among employees. When employees feel heard and valued, their engagement and commitment to their work typically increase, leading to enhanced productivity and overall performance. In conclusion, the results of the F-test clearly demonstrate that motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate are interconnected factors that significantly influence employee performance at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara. Organizations must prioritize these elements in their strategic planning to enhance overall productivity and create a more engaged workforce. The organizational climate, encompassing the values, norms, and practices within a workplace, further shapes employee experiences and performance outcomes. A supportive climate Table 6: ANOVA - F-Test ANOVAa Model df Regression 3 1 Residual F Sig. 49,504 ,000b 73 Total 76 a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja b. Predictors: (Constant), Motivasi, Komunikasi Interpersonal, Iklim Organisasi Source: Processed Data Year 2023 C. Partial T-Test Analysis The analysis of the partial t-test reveals that each of the independent variables—motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate—has a notable impact on employee performance when assessed separately. The tvalues for motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate are 4.054, 4.341, and 2.156, respectively. Each of these values exceeds the critical t-value of 1.993, with significance levels falling below 0.05. This statistical evidence underscores the individual significance of each factor in relation to employee performance, indicating that they all play a crucial role in determining how well employees perform their tasks. Motivation stands out as a particularly strong predictor of performance, corroborating findings from Bandura (2018). Bandura Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 71 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... emphasizes that motivational factors are pivotal in enhancing overall performance levels within organizations. When employees are motivated, they are more likely to engage fully with their work, demonstrating higher levels of productivity and a commitment to their roles. The importance of motivation cannot be overstated, as it serves as a driving force that encourages employees to strive for excellence and achieve their goals. Similarly, the variable of interpersonal communication is highlighted in the analysis as being essential for enhancing employee performance. Research conducted by Robbins and Judge (2019) reinforces this notion, indicating that effective communication fosters better teamwork and collaboration among employees. When teams communicate well, they can share ideas, provide feedback, and coordinate efforts more efficiently, which contributes to improved performance outcomes. The ability to communicate effectively within an organization can lead to a more cohesive work environment, reducing misunderstandings and enabling employees to work together more harmoniously. performance. A positive organizational climate can create an environment where employees feel valued and supported, which can lead to higher levels of job satisfaction and engagement. When employees perceive their workplace as encouraging and conducive to their growth, they are more likely to perform at their best. This aligns with the findings of the study, which suggest that a favorable organizational climate contributes positively to the performance of employees. In conclusion, the analysis highlights the importance of motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate as significant factors affecting employee performance. Each variable, when examined individually, demonstrates a strong correlation with performance metrics, suggesting that organizations should prioritize these areas to enhance overall employee effectiveness. By fostering motivation, encouraging effective communication, and cultivating a positive organizational climate, companies can create an environment that supports employee success and drives performance. Furthermore, the organizational climate also plays a significant role in influencing employee Table 7: Coefficients - T-Test Variable t-value Constant 4.054 Motivation (X1) 4.341 Interpersonal 2.156 Communication (X2) Organizational Climate (X3) 5.031 D. Analysis Coefficient of Determination (R²) The coefficient of determination, commonly represented as R², is a statistical measure that indicates the proportion of variance in a dependent variable that can be explained by one or more independent variables. In this context, an R² value of 0.670 reveals that motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate collectively account for 67% of the variance observed in employee performance. This significant percentage underscores the critical role these three factors play in shaping how employees perform in their roles. It suggests that when organizations focus on enhancing motivation levels, fostering effective interpersonal communication, and creating a Sig. 0.000 0.000 0.034 0.000 positive organizational climate, they are likely to see marked improvements in employee performance outcomes. However, it is important to recognize that the remaining 33% of the variance indicates that there are other variables at play that have not been examined in this specific analysis. These unexplored factors could include elements such as leadership style, which can greatly influence employee morale and motivation, or external economic conditions that might affect the overall work environment and employee productivity. The research conducted by Podsakoff et al. (2018) further supports this assertion by emphasizing that while motivation, interpersonal communication, and organizational climate are Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship | 65-77 72 Nopa Dwi Saputra et al., ││ The Impact of Motivation, Communicatio,:... indeed essential for enhancing employee performance, other variables can also have a significant impact. This perspective highlights the complexity of employee performance as a construct that cannot be fully understood by only considering a limited set of factors. Therefore, there is a clear need for additional empirical research to identify and understand these other influential variables. By doing so, organizations can refine their strategies for optimizing employee performance, ensuring that they address a more comprehensive range of factors that contribute to employee success. This holistic approach would not only enhance performance but could also lead to improved job satisfaction and overall organizational effectiveness. Table 8: Analysis Coefficient of Determination (R²) Model Summaryb Model R R Square 1 ,819a a. Predictors: (Constant), Interpersonal, Iklim Organisasi b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja ,670 Motivasi, Komunikasi Source: Processed Data Year 2023. 4. CONCLUSION The research conducted on employee performance at PT. Cendrawan Nusantara reveals significant insights into the interplay between intrinsic motivation, communication strategies, and organizational climate. Utilizing a mixedmethod approach that incorporates both qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, the study effectively illustrates how these elements collectively influence performance outcomes. By applying Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and Shannon and Weaver’s Model of Communication, the research deepens our understanding of how motivation and communication shape the workplace environment. The findings indicate that intrinsic motivation is a key driver of performance, enhancing goals and job satisfaction, while effective communication fosters trust and collaboration among employees. Building on these findings, organizations are encouraged to implement strategies that enhance employee performance through intrinsic motivation, transparent communication, and a positive organizational climate. Management should align employee tasks with individual interests and recognize contributions to boost motivation. Establishing open communication channels and regular feedback opportunities is essential for fostering effective interactions. Additionally, creating a supportive work environment that values inclusivity can significantly enhance performance. Leadership commitment is crucial in this process; training leaders in these areas can help optimize employee potential. Future research could further explore other variables impacting performance, such as different leadership styles and external economic factors, providing a more nuanced understanding of productivity dynamics in the workplace. 5. REFERENCES Ahmed, M. A., & Kumalasari, N. (2023). ANDIN-MU: Development of Android-Based Descriptive Text Interactive Multimedia Materials in High School English Subjects. Assyfa Learning Journal, 1, 49–59. Alalwan, A. A., Baabdullah, A. M., Mahfod, J. O., & ... (2022). Entrepreneurial e-equity crowdfunding platforms: antecedents of knowledge acquisition and innovation performance. 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