Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, vol. 1 (1), pp. 65-71, 2023 Received 15 Oct 2023 / published 20 Oct 2023 https://doi.org/10.61650/dpjpm.v1i1.94 Literature Review: Problems of Mathematics Learning in Schools Bhaskoro Prasetyo Adi Maryanto1, Lelly Nur Rachmawati2, Ilham Muhammad3, Rahmad Sugianto4 1. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia. 2. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia 3. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia 4. SMA Wachid Hasyim 2 Taman Sidoarjo, Indonesia E-mail correspondence to: bhaskoroprasetyo@webmail.umm.ac.id Abstract Learning mathematics is vital in developing human qualities, so it is studied from elementary school to university. If students study Problems that occur in mathematics learning are essential to pay attention mathematics correctly, their reasoning abilities will increase (Ahmed et to. Problems in mathematics learning are problems that must be resolved al., 2023; Darmayanti, 2022; Yuniwati et al., 2024). One way to improve with the right solution. This research aims to conduct a literature review human quality is by learning mathematics because mathematics is on mathematics learning problems in schools. The method used in the widely used in the field of science and the field of technological study is a literature review. The sample used is the research results related development (Astuti et al., 2023; Gunawan et al., 2023; Usmiyatun et to mathematics learning problems at the elementary, junior high, high, and al., 2023). Mathematics as a fundamental science, both its applied college levels from student and teacher factors. Data was collected by aspects and its reasoning aspects, has a vital role. However, when collecting all published articles from the latest year according to studying mathematics, many students only accept the lesson without educational level. Then, analysis and conclusions are drawn based on the questioning why mathematics is being taught (Astuti et al., 2023; data obtained. The research results show that the problems found at each Jannah et al., 2023; Ridho’i et al., 2023). Apart from that, some students station are different. So, the solution used must be the problems faced. think that mathematics is a complex subject, so these students need Keywords: Literature; Mathematics Learning; Problems; School. help to participate in comprehensive mathematics learning (Asgafi et al., 2023; Jayanti et al., 2023; Manik et al., 2022). Sometimes, during mathematics learning, students need to listen to the explanation given Introduction by the teacher (Sefira et al., 2024; Sugianto et al., 2023; Zahroh, Rachmawati, et al., 2023). The impact that this can cause is the Mathematics is one of the sciences in various aspects of emergence of a feeling of laziness in studying mathematics. human life (Darmayanti, Hidayat et al., 2023; Rachmawati et al., 2023; Zahroh et al., 2023). Mathematics learning is a process that contains Student factors or teacher factors can cause problems in two inseparable types of activities, namely learning and teaching. learning mathematics (Darmayanti, Utomo, et al., 2023; Riono et al., Mathematics lessons need to be given to all students from elementary 2023; Triono et al., 2023). One of the student factors that cause school to equip students with the ability to think logically (Huincahue problems in learning is students' poor mastery of mathematical et al., 2021), analytically (Moreno-Guerrero et al., 2020), systematic concepts (Fauzi et al., 2022; Suharsiwi et al., 2022; Supriatna et al., (Arthur et al., 2022), critical, and creative (Lin et al., 2017), and able to 2023). One of the teacher factors that can cause problems in learning work together (Darmayanti et al., 2022). Apart from that, from year to mathematics is that teachers experience difficulties in developing year, mathematics develops according to the demands of the times so material in books because there is so much material that must be that people are encouraged to be more creative in developing and taught. The teacher only uses a conventional approach (Kurwiyah et al., applying mathematics as a basic science (Lubis et al., 2021; Zippert et 2023; Setiyanti et al., 2022; Sopa et al., 2022). Therefore, this research al., 2017). Therefore, it is essential to teach mathematics to students aims to find out what problems exist in mathematics learning at school, at school (Baiduri et al., 2020; Brookman-Byrne et al., 2019) to as well as what solutions might be used to overcome these produce reliable students in facing changing times. mathematics learning problems. © 2023 Maryanto et al., (s). This is a Creative Commons License. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommertial 4.0 International License. Maryanto et al: Literature Review: Problem of Math... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1 (1), 65-71, 2023 Research Method determined 30 suitable papers and then identified problems at each school level. Then, the data obtained is presented in tabular form and The method used in this research is a literature review. This analysed. Analysis is carried out on the issues found from student and research method is carried out by identifying, reviewing, evaluating and teacher factors to determine the right solution to overcome these interpreting all research available. In line with the research (Nafisah et problems. Next, researchers can draw conclusions based on the analysis al., 2023), journals were systematically reviewed and identified using that has been carried out. this method. This research began with data collection, which was carried out by collecting all research related to mathematics learning Results and Discussion problems, analysing data in articles and concluding. Researchers Problems of mathematics learning in elementary schools collected journal articles from Google Scholar, Research Gate, SINTA, DOAJ, and Scopus. The essays collected are by the research keywords, namely mathematics learning problems. Researchers collected articles Problems at the elementary school level found in the researchers' for elementary, middle, high, and college levels. Articles were selected research can be seen in Table 1 and Table 2 below: based on the last five years, namely 2019-2023. Researchers Table 1 shows the findings of mathematics learning problems at the that, the problems found were students' poor mathematical abilities, elementary school level from student factors obtained by researchers. immature understanding of concepts, students' lack of motivation when The issues found at the elementary school level from student factors learning mathematics, students who considered mathematics to be a include students needing help understanding the material presented by difficult and tedious subject, and students who were less active in the teacher, students not being able to think mathematically, and expressing opinions during learning. students requiring more interest in learning mathematics. Apart from Table 2 shows the findings of problematic mathematics learning at much material that must be created to be taught, teachers use the elementary school level and teacher factors obtained by researchers. conventional learning approaches (Inganah et al., 2023; Lai et al., 2020). The problems found at the elementary school level from teacher factors Problems of mathematics learning in junior high schools include teachers only explaining the material briefly (Hu et al., 2018; Meryansumayeka et al., 2021), teachers still not using good learning The issues of mathematics learning at the junior high school level media (Asmarani et al., 2022; Iftanti et al., 2021; Zahroh & Mubarok, found in the researchers' research can be seen in Table 3. and Table 4. 2018), the teacher does not ask students' understanding during learning below: activities (Fauziyah et al., 2021; Herzon et al., 2018), in learning teachers still use old methods (Asmara et al., 2021; Qomariyah et al., 2023), it is difficult for teachers to develop material in books because there is too 66 Maryanto et al: Literature Review: Problem of Math... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1 (1), 65-71, 2023 Table 3 shows the findings of mathematics learning problems at the were that students were not careful in working on questions and did not junior high school level from student factors obtained by researchers. correct the answers that had been written, students had difficulty The problems found at the Junior High School level from student factors applying concepts, students had difficulty with mathematical connections include students needing help understanding the meaning of word in solving specific material problems and in algebraic calculation problems, students needing help with using multiplication operations operations, and students had difficulty in concluding the results of when working on essay questions, and students needing help problem-solving. understanding certain concepts. Apart from that, the problems found Table 4 shows the findings of mathematics learning problems at the yet to be able to develop learning tools (Manalu et al., 2018; Prasetiya & junior high school level teacher factors obtained by researchers. The Cholily, 2021; Wicaksono et al., 2021). issues found at the Junior High School (SMP) level from teacher factors Problems of mathematics learning in high school include teachers are not disciplined when working (Retnawati et al., 2018), and the teacher does not change their mindset (Baskoro et al., The problems of mathematics learning at the high school level found 2006; Eriyanti et al., 2022a; L. N. Rachmawati et al., 2021). How to teach, in the researchers' research can be seen in Table 5 and Table 6 below: teachers are not innovative and creative. Teachers must still gain the knowledge and expertise to use specific learning models. Teachers have Table 5 shows the findings of problematic mathematics learning at (Eriyanti et al., 2022b; Santoso et al., 2021), Students are not careful when the high school level from student factors obtained by researchers. The working on questions. Apart from that, the problems found were a problems found at the Senior High School (SMA) level from student decrease in learning motivation and learning concentration, which factors include students needing to be more active in learning activities. impacted learning achievement; students were less accustomed to (Lestari & Putri, 2020), Students find it difficult to express opinions (Sari solving problems, and students' learning independence still needed et al., 2018), students do not understand the concept (Apriliani et al., improvement (Fauza et al., 2022; Schukajlow et al., 2022). 2016), students have difficulty performing arithmetic operations Table 6 shows the findings of problematic mathematics learning entirely changed regarding the new curriculum to the previous at the high school level teacher factors obtained by researchers. The curriculum (Gustina et al., 2020; Nalurita et al., 2019). problems found at the high school level from teacher factors include teachers needing help carrying out assessments and teachers needing Problems of mathematics learning in higher education to be more disciplined when working. (Safrida et al., 2016), Teachers do not take advantage of technological developments (Wawan et al., The issues of mathematics learning at the tertiary level found in the 2018), teachers pay less attention to interactions with students, researchers' research can be seen in Table 7 and Table 8 below: teachers have difficulty delivering all lesson material on time, teachers do not prepare the media well, and the teacher's paradigm has not 67 Maryanto et al: Literature Review: Problem of Math... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1 (1), 65-71, 2023 Table 7 shows the findings of mathematics learning problems at the still soft, and students' difficulties in numeracy literacy when solving tertiary level from student factors obtained by researchers. The issues problems. Apart from that, collaboration and communication between found at the tertiary level from student factors include: students' students still need improvement. Students need help solving technology- interests and talents are relatively low, students' mathematics learning based issues and understanding concepts (Asih et al., 2019; Russo & experience at previous school levels, students' critical thinking skills are Minas, 2020). Table 8 shows the findings of problematic mathematics making students need help understanding the meaning of the learning at the tertiary level lecturer factors obtained by researchers. questions. Sometimes, students need to be more careful in carrying The problems found at the tertiary level from lecturer factors include out calculation operations. Apart from that, students make lecturers only delivering material followed by giving exercises and conceptual errors and principle errors when working on questions. ending with tests. Lecturers need to integrate more between topics, Students' poor mathematical connection abilities prevent them from even with other fields (Singer, 2017; Unver, 2018). Apart from that, writing conclusions in solving the problems given (Abdillah et al., the use of teaching methods by lecturers where the lecturer delivers 2021; Benidiktus Tanujaya et al., 2017). The solution to overcome material without adjusting to students' abilities, the lecturer is less this problem is to provide practice questions to students frequently. open and invites students to solve problems, the role of the lecturer Teachers can give non-routine questions that require critical thinking is dominant in the learning process, and the learning strategies from students. It is hoped that the questions presented are not applied by the lecturer are not appropriate (Cankoy & Özder, 2017; routine questions that students usually ask when they get example Utomo et al., 2021). questions from a particular material. So that students' abilities will continue to develop in solving mathematical problems. Teachers Problems experienced by students require solutions to must also be able to prepare appropriate assessments so that overcome existing problems. Many problems are found at each student learning outcomes are maximised. school level from student and teacher factors. Students experience Problems from teacher factors also require solutions to many difficulties. Students need help understanding the material the overcome the issues that occur. In mathematics learning, teachers teacher presents because their basic skills still need improvement. and students have a related relationship in achieving learning goals. Students need a process to understand the material provided by the So, the problems that occur must be resolved together. Not only do teacher. To overcome this problem, students should first read the students have issues that need to be overcome, but teachers must fabric that will be taught when studying at home. Apart from that, also be willing to improve so that the mathematics learning process students need help to think mathematically. This happens because is carried out well. Teachers' teaching styles must be enhanced and the thought process is less developed (Leavy, 2020; Setyowati et al., abandon conventional techniques. Teachers can use different 2020; Usmiyatun et al., 2021). This problem can be overcome by methods so they do not consistently deliver the material. Apart from continuously training students' thinking processes by solving that, teachers should use more than just books as teaching mathematical problems. Then, talk about students' interest in materials. The teacher must also prepare learning media so students learning mathematics, which can be overcome by attracting interest can easily understand the material. Teachers' abilities in developing through learning activities that constantly innovate using different technology also need to be considered. Rapid technological methods. In this way, students' abilities will improve for the better. developments require teachers to provide technology-based Mathematical skills that are still lacking and an immature learning to students. An assessment process using technology must understanding of concepts can be enhanced through the teacher's also be carried out. This is related to developing students' abilities in role in the learning process. This is also related to the motivation solving technology-based problems. given by teachers to students during the learning process. Because Teacher discipline in teaching students needs to be improved. this support will increase students' motivation to learn mathematics, Teachers should not present material only briefly. This can cause not the learning process in class is essential to pay attention to because all of the material that students should get. This problem can be students still think learning mathematics could be more challenging overcome by adequately arranging time allocation during learning and exciting (Hutajulu et al., 2019; Marzuki et al., 2021; Silver, 1996). activities. Teachers must have the responsibility to carry out learning Students find it difficult to express opinions during learning and according to the plans that have been made. Apart from that, remain silent. To overcome this problem, teachers must prepare an problems related to interactions between teachers and students appropriate learning implementation plan. This way, the learning must be well established. The reciprocal process during the learning process will run well, and students will participate in class activities. process needs to be given maximum attention. Teachers must create Problems faced by students that are also often encountered a comfortable and conducive classroom atmosphere so that are related to solving mathematical problems. Students need help student's interest in learning mathematics can increase. In this way, solving math problems. 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