Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, vol. 1, pp. 26–33, 2023
Received 22 Feb 2023 / published 30 Apr 2023
https://doi.org/10.61650/dpjpm.v1i1.77

Discovery Learning Research in
Mathematics Learning: A Bibliometric
Review
Ilham Muhammad1, Rani Darmayanti2, Viky Risnanda Arif3, and Adebayo Ola Afolaranmi 4
1. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
2. Universitas PGRI Wiranegara, Indonesia
3. SMA Negeri 1 Grati, Indonesia
4. Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
E-mail correspondence to: ranidarmayanti1990@gmail.com

Abstract
Discovery Learning is a learning model that changes learning from
teacher-centred learning to student-centred learning so that
students learn actively by discovering themselves, investigating
themselves and cultivating a scientific attitude. The purpose of this
research is to discover the research focus related to Discovery
Learning in learning mathematics and its novelty. The method used
is bibliometric analysis. The data taken comes from the Scopus
database. The study results show increased publications related to
Discovery Learning in mathematics learning from 2017 to 2023. The
highest citation trend occurred in the 2017 publication, which has
been cited 41 times. The country that has had a major impact on
Discovery Learning research in mathematics learning is Indonesia.
The research focus is divided into three parts, namely, 1) Discovery
Learning, Mathematics Learning and student; 2) problem-solving
and Indonesia; 3) junior high school and Geometry. New themes in
this field are e-learning, teaching and learning, mathematical
software, pre-service teachers, and technology.
Keywords: Bibliometric; discovery learning; mathematics learning.

Introduction
Education is very important and can improve the quality of
human resources (Qin et al., 2021; Sohilait, 2021; Widiantari et al.,
2022). According to (Sudarsana et al., 2019; Widyanti et al., 2021)
Education is a conscious effort to create a learning process that can
develop students' self-potential and become human beings with
noble character. in improving the quality of education in learning
(Choirudin et al., 2021; Sohilait, 2021), educators can apply several

learning methods, one of which is by applying Discovery Learning
(Mulbar, 2021; Murni, 2017; Wang, 2020). According to (Honomichl
& Chen, 2012) Discovery Learning is an important but controversial
topic in the fields of psychology, education, and cognitive science.
The discovery learning method was first developed by Bruner
(Khadijah et al., 2023).
According to (Bruner, 1961), Discovery Learning is a process
where students can understand meaning, concepts, and
relationships through a process of intuition until finally, they can
find a conclusion adapted to their cognitive development. (Bruner,
1961) considers that discovery learning is in accordance with the
active search for knowledge by humans and gives the best results.
(Bruner, 1961) suggested that students should learn through active
participation with concepts and principles so that they are
encouraged to gain experience and conduct experiments that allow
them to discover the principles themselves. Discovery Learning is a
learning model that changes learning from teacher-centred
learning to student-centred learning so that students learn actively
by discovering themselves, investigating themselves and cultivating
a scientific attitude (Donato, 2022; Santiago et al., 2016).
Meanwhile, according to (Affandi et al., 2022; and Recio, 2021), the
learning model with Discovery Learning is a constructivist learning
model that combines learning principles by discovery and radical
constructivism with the principles of constructivism learning design
theory. Discovery Learning is also interpreted as a series of activities
in learning that involve students' abilities to find systematically
(Affandi, 2022; González, 2017; Swandi, 2020), critically and analyze
so that they can formulate their own findings covering cognitive,
affective and psychomotor aspects (Batubara, 2019; Syarif et al.,
(Batubara, 2019; Syarif et al., 2020). So, Discovery Learning is a
student-centred learning model that involves students' ability to
discover a concept.

© 2023 Muhammad et al., (s). This is an open-access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Muhammad et al. Discovery learning research ... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1, 26-33, 2023
Through Discovery learning, students can also learn to think
analytically and try to solve problems (Fahmi et al., 2019; Linggile &
Payu, 2022; Marta et al., 2022). Meanwhile according to (Sunarsih
et al., 2020), through learning Discovery Learning provides
opportunities for students to discover a concept through examples
found in everyday life (Laila et al., 2023; Sugianto et al., 2017;
Vedianty et al., 2023). Discovery Learning is not only able to
improve students' metacognitive abilities but also to improve
communication skills and student learning outcomes (Fauza et al.,
2022; In’am et al., 2023; Sah et al., 2023). In addition, using
discovery learning models also impacts the development students'
creative thinking abilities (Cholily et al., 2023; Hasanah et al., 2022;
Sekaryanti et al., 2022). The discovery learning method has six
sequences: stimulation, problem identification, data collection,
data processing verification and generalization (Anggraini et al.,
2022; Rizqi et al., 2023; Widodo et al., 2023).

(Agarwal, 2016; León-Castro, 2021; Liang, 2018). According to
(Muhammad et al., 2022) bibliometric is a statistical method that
contains a variety of information about research in a particular
study. Many research has been using this bibliometric analysis,
especially in the educational field (Hidayati et al., 2018; Oh, 2019;
Wulandari et al., 2016). In obtaining this information from
publications related to discovery learning in mathematics
education, a database is needed (Darmayanti et al., 2023a; Gilar
Jatisunda et al., 2020; Khoir et al., 2018). The research used in this
research is derived from the Scopus database.
Research related to this research is like research conducted by
(Wicaksono et al., 2021) regarding bibliometric analysis related to
research on Discovery learning in general in science education
taken from Scopus database publications (Chertow, 2021; SegarraSaavedra, 2020). The bibliometric analysis presented in this study
provides relevant information about the main themes learned
about discovery learning in mathematics learning, which can be
seen in increasing creativity (Martín-Martín, 2018; Pereira, 2023),
learning outcomes, and student achievement in teaching and
learning activities at school (Karim & Zoker, 2023; Schabas, 2023;
Winson et al., 2023). Therefore, this study suggests that further
researchers discuss discovery learning in other fields of science such
as mathematics.

Mathematics is an important knowledge for students to acquire
which is useful in solving problems in everyday life (Afriyanti et al.,
2018; H Sinambela et al., 2018). Discovery learning is appropriate
to be applied to mathematics learning because it has a better
influence on learning outcomes (Afriyanti et al., 2018; MengelFrom, 2018). Learning model with Discovery learning for learning
mathematics can improve students' learning achievement in
mathematics (Amiyani, 2018; Hudaefi, 2022). Meanwhile according
to (Liao, 2016) learning models with Discovery learning can improve
problem solving skills, so many researchers are researching related
to discovery learning.

The purpose of this research is to find out the focus of research
related to discovery learning in learning mathematics along with its
novelty. Therefore, researchers conducting research on novelty and
the focus of research on Discovery learning in learning mathematics
with the Scopus database from 2017-2023. The research questions
include; (1) how are the publication trends and citation trends
related to discovery learning research in mathematics learning?; (2)
how is the distribution of publications mappings and relations
between countries in research related to discovery learning in
mathematics learning?; (3) what are the novelties and research
focus on discovery learning in learning mathematics?

Discovery learning research has developed very rapidly in the
last decade, Discovery learning research has also produced many
findings in various fields of study (Kurniati et al., 2017; Sukma &
Supriyono, 2019). Discovery learning research in education has
indeed increased in recent years, but not only in education in
general, discovery learning research in mathematics learning has
also increased in recent years (Pratiwi & Miriam, 2022; Zhang et al.,
2022). This means that an increase in research related to discovery
learning in education is also followed by an increase in research on
discovery learning in education, especially in the field of
mathematics. For this reason, it is necessary to apply a statistical
method to analyze the results of these studies in knowing the
research focus and finding research novelty. One method that can
be used in analyzing research in certain studies is using bibliometric
analysis.

Research Methode
This study uses a bibliometric analysis method. Publications
related to Discovery learning in mathematics learning taken from
the Scopus database from 2017 to 2023 were analyzed using
descriptive bibliometric analysis. The steps in collecting data are
starting from identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion
(Moher et al., 2009).

Bibliometric analysis can be used in analyzing publications

Topic: Discovery learning in mathematics learning
Topic and Scope
Scope and Coverage (Database: Scopus)
Search Field: TITLE-ABS-KEY and subject area (Time Frame: 2017-2023)

Search String:
TITLE-ABS-KEY ("discovery learning") AND (LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA, "MATH")

Data Extraction Date:
13 February 2023
Identification
Total Number of Documents Identified: 98

Number of
Duplicate: 0

Total Number of documents after Eliminating the
Duplicates: 98

Sceening

Eligibility

Included

Total Number of documents screened: 98

Total Number of Documents Assessed for
Eligibility: 57

Documents
Excluded: 40

Documents
Excluded: 30

Total Number of Documents Included for Bibliometrik Analysis: 27

Figure 1. Data Collection Process

27

Muhammad et al. Discovery learning research ... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1, 26-33, 2023
Identification is done by entering keywords according to the
research theme you want to study. In this study, research on
discovery learning in learning will be discussed. For this reason, the
researcher entered the keywords "discovery learning" and
"education" in the Scopus database. After entering the keywords,

data is obtained for 98 publications according to the specified
criteria as shown in figure 2. The data for 98 publications is then
checked whether there are duplicate data or not. Because there
were no duplicate data, the 98 publications could proceed to the
next stagek.

Figure 2. Figure 2. Searching Data from Scopus Database

Screening is carried out to select publications from the first
stage, publications must comply with the following criteria, namely
articles published in the form of journals and conference papers
and publications in English. After screening, 40 articles were
discarded and did not proceed to the next stage. A total of 57 who
met the criteria will then be carried out at the eligibility stage.

Results and Discussion
In presenting the research results, the researcher ranks the
research questions starting from publication trends, citation trends,
geographic distribution, patterns of relations between countries,
and research focus. The publications were analyzed that is from
2017 to year 2023.

Eligibility is doing feasibility, titles and abstracts of 57
documents from the previous stage will be seen whether the
documents meet the criteria, namely, titles and abstracts contain
the words discovery learning and mathematics learning, after
eligibility is carried out, 27 publications that meet the criteria are
obtained which can be continued at the inclusion stage.

10
5

4

4

5

7

7
0

0

0

Data analysis method
Data obtained from the Scopus database is then stored in 2
different formats, first we save in CSV form and save in RIS form,
CSV data will be entered and analyzed with the help of VOSviewer
while RIS data will be entered into Harzing's Publish or Perish
Software. The publication trend and trend of research citations of
discovery learning in mathematics learning are seen from the year
of publication, and the distribution of countries and country
relations is seen from the country of origin of the authors which will
then be seen by novelty and research focus will be analyzed with
the help of the VOSviewer application. Software Microsoft exel and
Software Harzing's Publish or Perish. VOSviewer is used in
displaying the visualization of relations between countries, the
focus of research. Harzing's Publish or Perish software is used to
calculate h-index and g-index values and other data about citations
and Microsoft excel software is used to display country distribution
on a world map.

Figure 3. Publication trends (1992-2023)

Publications related to discovery learning in mathematics from
2017 to 2023 are separated by year of publication with a total of 27
publications. Number of publications 20 20 and year 202 1 is the
most compared to other years. The trend of publications in this field
has increased in several ways year. Publications in recent years
have increased viz from 2017 to the year 2021. This thing in
accordance with what is conveyed by (Pratiwi & Miriam, 2022;
Wicaksono et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022) that research related to
Discovery Learning is growing rapidly, especially in the field of
mathematics. The biggest increase occurred from 2019 to 2020. In
2019 the total published articles were 5 and increased to 7
publications in the following year. Although from 2017 to 2021 total
publication Keep going increased, however not in 2022 and in 2023,
in the No There is published articles.

Table 1. Citation Analysis of Publications
Year
TP
NCP
TC
C/P
C/CP
h
g
2023
2022
2021
7
2
3
0.43
1
1
2020
7
4
6
0.86
2
2
2019
5
4
7
1.40
2
2
2018
4
4
31
2.75
2
4
2017
4
4
41
10.25
4
4
Notes. TP=total of publication, NCP= number of cited Publication, TC=total citations, C/P= average citations per publication, C/CP= average citations per
cited publication, h=h- index, g=g- index

Discovery related publications Learning mathematics is
analyzed based on the number of citations per year starting from
2017 to 2023. From table 1 above it can be seen that the highest
NCP value is in 2017 to 2020 with 4 publications that have been
cited at least 1 time out of the total publications in each that year.

Meanwhile, the highest total citations were in the 2017 publication
with a total of 41 citations. The highest h- index and g- index values
were in 2017 with h- index = 4 and g- index = 4. This means that
publications in 2017 have had a huge impact on Discovery research
Learning in current mathematics learning. In 2017 there were 4

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Muhammad et al. Discovery learning research ... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1, 26-33, 2023
publications that have been cited which can be seen in table 2

below.

Table 2. Articles published in 20 17
No

Author (Year)

Title

Sources

1

(Ramdhani
2017b)

al.,

Discovery Learning with Scientific Approach on
Geometry

International
Conference
on
Mathematics
and
Science
Education, ICMScE 2017

16

2

(Yurniwati
&
Hanum, 2017)

Improving mathematics achievement of
Indonesian 5th grade students through guided
discovery learning

Journal on Mathematics Education

14

3

(Kartikaningtyas
al., 2017)

et

Contextual Approach with Guided Discovery
Learning and Brain Based Learning in
Geometry Learning

International
Conference
on
Mathematics
and
Science
Education, ICMScE 2017

6

4

(Tokada et al., 2017)

Discovery Learning for Mathematical Literacy
Ability

International
Conference
on
Mathematics
and
Science
Education, ICMScE 2017

5

et

Research conducted by (Ramdhani et al., 2017; Rionanda et al.,
2022) entitled "Discovery Learning with Scientific approach on
Geometry” gets the highest number of citations, namely 16 times,
the article discusses. Publication source from table above can also
be used as a reference for researchers who want to publish their
articles related to Discovery Learning in learning mathematics like
journal "Journal on Mathematics Education".

Citation

patterns of relations between countries related to Discovery
research Learning in learning mathematics?
The geographical distribution of countries and patterns of
relations between countries are seen based on the origin of the
authors of documents that have been published regarding
Discovery Learning in mathematics learning from 2017 to 2023.
Aaa

How is the geographical distribution of publications and

Figure 4 Geographic Distribution

Spread geographical from the country of origin writer can seen
in Figure 4 above. Countries with the highest total publications are
on the continent of Asia, namely Indonesia with 22 publications,
second to fifth from the continents of Asia, Africa and Europe,
namely Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Switzerland, and Germany having
published 1 document each, geographic distribution Discoveryrelated publications Learning in mathematics learning is spread
over almost all continents, starting from the continents of Asia,
Africa, and Europe. This means that America and Australia have not
there is an article published related field this. Viewed from amount
the citation publication from Indonesian state writers became the
most with 62 times cited. America and Australia have not published
an article yet, this does not mean that these two continents do not
apply the discovery learning model in mathematics learning. it's just
that these two continents are not included in the continents that
publish articles on the Scopus database about discovery learning,
especially in mathematics from 2017 to 2023.Indonesia is a country
that has a big impact on research related to this field, this is in
accordance with what was conveyed by (Darmayanti et al., 2023b;
Pratiwi & Miriam, 2022) that Indonesia is one of them countries
that publish the most related articles Discovery Learning in learning
mathematics.

Figure 5. Patterns of relations between countries

On the picture on seen that only There is three countries,
meaning two other countries No including into the signifying image
both countries no own cooperation relations with other countries.
Relations between countries can be seen from the number of links,
from Figure 5 on seen that the three countries mutually related.
This means that Indonesia, Germany and Switzerland are countries
with a level of cooperation equivalent. Then n on the image can also
be seen only there is One color that is red, meaning only there is
one cluster because the number of countries of course No many.
What is the focus of research and novelty related to Discovery
research Learning in learning mathematics?

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Muhammad et al. Discovery learning research ... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1, 26-33, 2023

Figure 6. Network Visualization

Keywords used shared by the author can seen in Figure 6 above.
The total keywords displayed are 35 items. Discovery's research
focus Learning in mathematics learning from 2017 to 2023 is
divided into three parts. These three parts can be seen from the
color of the circle. The red circle is the largest cluster and is the
focus of the first study, followed by green and blue. The largest
circle indicates these keywords have been used together
frequently. The bigger the occurrence value, the bigger the circle.

can seen in table 3 below this.

The first research focus is the keyword with a red circle
consisting of 1 8 items, the largest circle shows the research focus.
In the first research focus, the keyword that has the largest circle is
the Discovery keyword Learning, Mathematics Learning and
student, meaning that these keywords are the focus of the first
research. Discovery Learning and Mathematics Learning indeed
become theme on research this. Research conducted by (Roza et
al., 2018) which discusses the practicality of Discovery based
mathematics learning devices Learning for the topic of sequence
and subsequent series, the research also explains that learning uses
Discovery learning not only enhances student learning, but also
decreases their chances of leaving the learning process at an early
stage. It means study furthermore can choose other material with
device learning certain.

3

No
1
2

4

Table 3. Focus research on the level education
Education
Clusters Link
Total Link
Occurences
Level
Strength
Higher
1
4
4
1
Education
Senior High
1
5
5
1
School
Junior High
3
14
45
8
School
Elementary
1
4
4
1
School

In table 3 above, taken based on keyword occurrence that has
been shown in figure 6, is visible that deep discovery learning
research learning mathematics Lots carried out at the junior high
school level viz with the number of occurrences is 8 and the total
link strength is 45. Research conducted by (Maarif, 2016) which
discusses about influence method learning invention to
mathematics ability analogy junior high school students. Study
mentioned suggest that research furthermore before use method
discovery, the teacher should identify ability student. this aim for
create condition Where high and medium students will help low
students.

The second research focus is the keyword with a green circle
consisting of 10 items, the largest circle shows the focus of the
research. In the second research focus, the keywords that have the
largest circle are problem solving and Indonesia. This means that
these keywords are the focus of the second research. This in
accordance with spread geographic in figure 4, that the country of
Indonesia is a country with publication the most related field this,
by No direct Most research conducted is at in Indonesia. Research
conducted by (Herdiana et al., 2017) which discusses about the
effectiveness of the Discovery learning model in solving problem
math in one schools in the Province West Java, Indonesia. Study
This study competence solving problem student before and after
learning with using the discovery learning learning model where the
Discovery learning model is effective For increase ability solving
problem mathematical student. Strategy used tend not enough
effective. Besides that, students who do not get a learning model
invention use knowledge algebra that has studied previous and
relevant concepts in the form of a mathematical model. It covers
exists difference results between ability solving problem
mathematical students who get a discovery learning model with a
model other than discovery learning. For this reason, further
research is needed regarding Discovery Learning and technology in
learning mathematics.

Third focus study This can be used as a reference for future
researchers who want to take a theme in accordance with this field.
Furthermore will seen novelty and theme new related study
Discovery Learning in learning mathematics from 2017 to year
2023.

Figure 7. Overlays Visualization

Novelty research related to Discovery Learning in mathematics
learning from 2017 to 2023 can be seen from the links between
keywords and the color of the keyword circles displayed from the
overlay visualization in figure 7 above. In looking at novelty,
researchers focus on 2 categories, namely keywords that are the
focus of research and keywords that become new themes. The new
themes are indicated by a yellow circle, such as e-learning, teaching

The third research focus is the keyword with a blue circle
consisting of 7 items, the largest circle shows the research focus. In
the third research focus, the keywords that have the largest circle
are junior high school and Geometry. For That researcher do
keyword grouping based on Relevant Education Level field this. this

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Muhammad et al. Discovery learning research ... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1, 26-33, 2023
and learning, mathematical software, pre-service teacher, and
technology. This means that these keywords have only been used
together in the last few years. Theme This new research can be used
as a reference for future researchers who want to take a theme in
accordance with this field. Key words of discovery learning together
with mathematics learning is not directly connected with the theme
keywords new such as, mathematical software, pre service teacher,
and technology. The relationship between these keywords can be
used as a research novelty related to Discovery Learning in
mathematics learning that is useful for further research.

10.

11.

Conclusion
12.

Based on the results and discussion above it can be concluded
that the increase in publications regarding Discovery Learning in
learning mathematics is from 2017 years up to 2023. The most
citation trend occurred in the 2017 publication which has been
cited 41 times. Countries that have had a major impact on
Discovery research Learning in learning mathematics is the country
of Indonesia. The research focus is divided into three parts, namely,
1) Discovery Learning, Mathematics Learning and students; 2)
problem solving and Indonesia; 3) junior high school and
Geometry. New themes in this field are e-learning, teaching and
learning, mathematical software, pre-service teacher, and
technology. Key words of discovery learning together with
mathematics learning is not directly connected with the theme
keywords new such as, mathematical software, pre service
teacher, and technology.

13.

14.

15.

The research focus that has been discussed in this paper can be
used as a reference for future researchers who wish to take a
theme in accordance with this field. The relationship between
these keywords can be used as a research novelty related to
Discovery Learning in mathematics learning that is useful for
further research. Researchers can also search for data with sources
from other databases such as Wos, Google scholars and others.

16.

17.

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