Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, vol. 1 (2), pp. 107-112, 2023
Received 15 Oct 2023 / Published 30 August 2023
https://doi.org/10.61650/dpjpm.v1i1.244

“DINO Vs. DINI” educational game to
increase children's cognitive
abilities—what are its level
elements?
Suharsiwi1, Nadiya Itsnaini Rachmawati2, Sabeeha Hamzah Dehham3, and Rani Darmayanti4
1. Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia.
2. Universitas PGRI Wiranegara Pasuruan, Indonesia
3. College of Basic Education, University of Babylon, Iraq
4. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
E-mail correspondence to: suharsiwi@umj.ac.id

Abstract
Games designed for children have the potential to serve as educational
tools, incorporating learning components that promote engagement and
facilitate the child's cognitive and developmental progress, tailored to their
specific age group. The significance of Early Childhood Cognitive Abilities is
in their association with everyday tasks and functions. The promotion of
cognitive development in individuals with AUD necessitates the provision
of many opportunities for cognitive stimulation. Children must attain
fundamental competencies commensurate with their chronological age in
cognitive development. The objective of developing this educational game
is to assist early childhood education (PAUD) teachers and parents in
delivering instruction through imaginative and inventive simulations. This
study employs the Research and Development (R&D) technique using a 4D
model. The instructional game incorporates many level features that
assess difficulty, accuracy, memory, and thinking abilities. This educational
game encompasses four distinct learning modules tailored for early infant
development. These modules include word completion exercises, counting
activities, picture guessing tasks, color identification exercises, and
competitive elements. The utilization of educational games is anticipated
to facilitate the enhancement of children's cognitive capacities, thereby
preparing them for the subsequent stages of their primary education.
Keywords: Cognitive abilities; Dinosaurs; DINO Vs. DINI; Educational
games; 4D.

Introduction
The communication science and technology field is experiencing
significant advancement in games that utilize technology to captivate
children's interest in learning (A. et al. et al., 2022; Nafisah et al., 2023;

Suharsiwi et al., 2018). The progress in information and communication
technology has impacted many sectors (Kurwiyah et al., 2023), like trade
(F. Fauzi et al., 2022), health (Rokhmawati et al., 2022), games (Alfaeni
et al., 2022). Technological advancement in gaming is a specific
technological development (Setiyanti et al., 2022; Supriatna et al., 2023;
Wati et al., 2023). Games are a form of technology designed primarily
for entertainment, but with time, technology can also serve as an
educational tool to enhance children's skills and academic curriculum
(Purba et al., 2021; Salamah, 2018; Simorangkir et al., 2022).
Entertainment apps, such as games, are frequently perceived as
detrimental to youngsters (Carera et al., 2017; Fatra et al., 2023;
Salamah et al., 2019). Games serve several advantageous purposes and
benefit children (Angraini et al., 2019; Dwiastuti et al., 2022; Zahroh et
al., 2022). These include fostering familiarity with computer technology
(Cholily et al., 2023; Dimyati et al., 2023; Dwirahayu et al., 2023). Next,
facilitate educational learning, honing problem-solving and logical
reasoning abilities, refining motor coordination and spatial skills, and
promoting communication between children and parents during joint
play sessions. The program accurately, while parents can oversee it by
establishing regulations about usage, content, and the types of games
children can access through technology.
Effective games for children incorporate educational components to
foster engagement and facilitate their cognitive and developmental
progress according to their age (Abus & Usmiyatun, 2023; Majid &
Ridwan, 2019; Schachter, 2019). This game has the potential to impact
the cognitive growth of the child. At PAUD, the idea of integrating
learning and play is inseparable (Fonsén, 2019; Jamil, 2018; Wang,
2022). Hence, there is a want for education (A. et al. et al., 2022; Nafisah
et al., 2023; Suharsiwi et al., 2018).

© 2023 Suharsiwi et al., (s). This is a Creative Commons License. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommertial 4.0 International License.

Suharsiwi et al: “DINO Vs. DINI” educational... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1 (2), 99-106, 2023

As Usmiyatun et al., (2021) stated, developing cognitive abilities
in early childhood is crucial due to the strong connection between
cognitive skills and everyday tasks. Providing ample stimulation is
crucial for the cognitive growth of individuals with AUD (Abe, 2018;
Ahmed, Usmiyatun, Darmayanti et al., 2021; Sarter, 2018). Within
cognitive development, fundamental abilities exist that the child's
age-related progress must attain. These abilities include creativity
and the capacity to recall and identify the surrounding environment.
Early childhood is a critical period for the cognitive development of
recognizing number ideas, letters, colors, and problem-solving skills
(Ahmed, Usmiyatun, Nurhidayah, et al., 2021; Choirudin, Darmayanti
et al., 2021; Darmayanti, 2023). The learning process can be tailored
to the child's developmental stage and implemented through
engaging and enjoyable educational activities. It is crucial to select
appropriate learning materials to ensure successful outcomes.
Cognitive terms are synonymous with intellectual phrases (Fauza et
al., 2023; Safitri et al., 2023; Triono et al., 2023). Cognitive processes
are intricately linked to an individual's level of intellect. Intellectual
capacity in an individual can assist them in resolving life's challenges.
An individual's cognitive faculties and intellectual capacity can be
enhanced from early childhood through adulthood.

gaming media to improve students' cognitive abilities (Chaidi &
Drigas, 2022; Pradana & Uthman, 2023; Rizany, 2023; Subrahmanyam
& Renukarya, 2015; Zainuddin, 2023). This research has focused on
using Android applications, websites, and learning management
systems (LMS). The material consists of five components, including
mathematics. The unique aspect of this research lies in the
methodology used and the game's substance, which includes a
competitive session that enables multiple players to participate.
Content apps are created and uploaded utilizing a flexible digital
platform that provides a wide range of features and enables offline
and online consumption. In addition, the upcoming media will include
a feature where, if the player fails in the game, they will not be able
to continue, and the dinosaur will exhibit behaviors or actions that
suggest it is about to vomit. The dinosaur will promptly eject it upon
the player's selection of an erroneous response. However, a game
level exists where the dinosaur determines the player's answer. If the
answer is correct, the dinosaur will ingest it; if incorrect, the dinosaur
will eject it.
The educational game "DINO VS. DINI" was created with parents
and instructors in mind to enhance children's cognitive development.
It presents multiplication facts, animal shapes in drawings, words
with several letters, and various colors. According to Suryani (2019),
educational games are those that make use of the sophisticated
features of Android smartphones and integrate learning elements.

Children are naturally inclined towards play, so most young
children already engage in gaming activities on electron. By engaging
in instructional games, children have both enjoyment and the
opportunity to enhance their cognitive abilities. This educational
game is a pedagogical program designed for young children
(Choirudin, In’am et al., 2021; Fikri et al., 2023; Vedianty et al.,
2022). It includes content on shape recognition, color identification,
number comprehension, letter recognition, and singing. By
incorporating educational games into the curriculum, children are
expected to enhance their cognitive talents, such as learning, creative
thinking, and acquiring more advanced knowledge.

Research Method
This study employs the English RnD (Research and Development)
methodology, explicitly utilizing a 4D model (Vedianty et al., 2023).
The R&D method, short for Research and Development, is a
systematic approach to creating specific goods and evaluating their
efficacy. Thiagarajan (1984) outlines that R&D research has four
steps, although researchers typically employ only three stages best
suited to the field's characteristics. Figure 1 displays the necessary
research stages that need to be conducted.

Much research has been conducted to develop educational

Needs Analysis

Product Design Creation

Product Development

Figure 1. Development flow of the 4D educational game “DINO Vs. EARLY"

Figure 1 illustrates the initial stage of the research process when
preliminary investigations were conducted, and data was gathered
through a needs analysis. This involved distributing questionnaires to
lecturers who are specialists in the subject matter and media. The
second step involves the production of the design product, while the
third stage focuses on creating an early prototype for product
development.

template using the search area. Upon selecting "Customize this
template," you will be promptly redirected to the editor page, where
you can construct a website. Subsequently, you can promptly
conceive and fabricate games.
The forthcoming games will include educational activities such as
word completion, numerical counting, image inference, and color
identification. The researcher's objective in developing this
educational game is to facilitate the transition of PAUD teachers and
parents from conventional teaching techniques to simulation-based
learning methods through educational game media. Additionally, the
game aims to assist PAUD students in their learning process. Enhance
children's cognitive capacities using educational games incorporating
level aspects to assess difficulty, accuracy, reasoning skills, and
memory. This game comprises four educational resources for
preschool children: word completion exercises, picture counting
activities, picture guessing challenges, and color identification tasks.
Children are taught through games, which serve as a means for play
and learning. This approach is efficient for preschool children (PAUD)
in enhancing their cognitive abilities, and utilizing the game "DINO VS.
DINI" as an instructional medium is expected to foster children's
enthusiasm for learning in Figure 2.

Results and Discussion
The forthcoming section will analyze the instructional game
"DINO VS. DINI," which was developed using the Canva tool. To utilize
this application, we must authenticate ourselves using the following
hyperlink: https://www.canva.com/. Applications that are accessible
through both personal computers and mobile phone applications.
Therefore, we shall examine the process of downloading Canva for
both mobile devices and personal computers. Utilizing Canva
necessitates the subsequent action: Accessing your account. Select
the "Create Design" option. Select a template based on your tastes.
Upload a picture or photograph. Insert additional text if required.
Apply various effects or filters to modify and personalize the visual
presentation. Preserve or distribute your design outcomes. Canva
offers additional features and tools to establish a website and get
online directly. Like the previous guide, locate your preferred site
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Suharsiwi et al: “DINO Vs. DINI” educational... Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1 (2), 99-106, 2023
fundamental numeracy skills.
3.

Guess Picture is an educational exercise that involves using
pictures to learn. Players are presented with imitations of
objects such as people, animals, and plants on paper, and they
must guess the corresponding names. According to (Ellahi et al.,
2017 Rizany, 2023 Sabirli & Çoklar, 2020), playing Guess the
Photo can enhance children's problem-solving skills by
presenting them with unrevealed visuals. The game was then
incorporated into educational games created by researchers.

4.

Order Colour: Noraddin & Kian (2014) asserted that color is the
visual perception resulting from the reflection of sunlight by
things exposed to that light. Brewster's theory categorizes colors
into four distinct groups: primary, secondary, tertiary, and
neutral (Beasley, 2013; Galizzi, 2019; Nurkanti et al., 2020). The
process of acquiring knowledge about colors in the early stages
of childhood commences with the fundamental primary and
secondary colors. Hence, this instructional game emphasizes
primary and secondary colors, as depicted

5.

Contest: Parents who teach their children healthy competition
can instill qualities such as diligence, tenacity, and
independence, which will benefit them in adulthood (Choirudin,
Mahmudah et al., 2021; Muassomah et al., 2023).

Figure 2. utilizing the game "DINO VS. DINI" as an
instructional medium

Figure 2 shows the starting display of the instructional game,
which includes three buttons: a menu button, an exit button, and a
credit button. The exit button allows the player to terminate the
game, while the credit button displays information about the game
developer. The menu button offers four options for game material:
word completion, counting, picture guessing, and color identification,
as depicted in Figure 3.

In addition, exposing children to competition can enhance their
comprehension of empathy for the positive. Children will also get
more familiar with the escalating competition they will encounter as
they mature (Setiyanti et al., 2022; Vahter, 2020; Wilson, 2015). This
condition promotes a sense of tranquility in youngsters when
confronted with competition, mitigating the risk of encountering
numerous health issues, including depression, tension, and anxiety
disorders.
Exposing children to competition at a young age will develop
resilience and perseverance, making them less likely to give up in the
face of challenges (Linsell, 2019; Sandilos, 2018; Suyadi, 2020).
Children's motivation to achieve optimal outcomes will be
heightened, leading them to exert their utmost effort. This serves as
a source of motivation for children, encouraging them to actively
pursue and enhance their skills to be better equipped for
competition.

Figure 3. A level selection screen

A level selection screen will be displayed upon selecting a menu
option, featuring three levels corresponding to the game's difficulty,
as depicted in Figure 4.

Early exposure to healthy competition fosters children's
appreciation for the endeavors of others. This fosters more social
acceptance of youngsters within their social milieu. Entertainment
apps, such as games, are frequently perceived as exerting a
detrimental influence on youngsters. Games offer children numerous
advantages, such as acquiring computer literacy, honing problemsolving skills, enhancing cognitive ability, and fostering
communication between children and parents during joint play
sessions (Astuti et al., 2023; Khoiriyah et al., 2022; Kusumaningsih et
al., 2024). Games designed for children can effectively teach and
incorporate learning components that promote age-appropriate
activities and foster growth and development in youngsters. Within
cognitive development, it is imperative to attain fundamental skills
that align with the child's chronological age.

Figure 4. Featuring three levels corresponding

The subsequent discourse pertains to an examination of each
substance present inside the game, specifically:
1.

2.

In Montessori thought, a child's initial reading ability begins with
the fundamental components of letters. Montessori reading
games involve utilizing visuals to represent each newly given
letter. For instance, the letter "t" is paired with an image that
begins with the letter "s," and the same is done for the letter "h"
and subsequent letters. This approach is the benchmark for
creating educational games, including word completion
exercises (Backhouse, 2018; Kesäläinen, 2022; Usmiyatun et al.,
2023).

These include thinking creatively and remembering and
recognizing one's surroundings. The significance of fostering
cognitive abilities in children lies in their capacity to form diverse
perceptions through visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli (Choirudin,
Ridho’i et al., 2021; Gunawan et al., 2023; Rizki et al., 2023).
Additionally, children can enhance their memory retention of past
events and experiences and cultivate their ability to establish
connections between different occurrences. Children possess the
ability to comprehend the diverse symbols present in their
surroundings. They can engage in logical thinking that arises
spontaneously or during deliberate experimentation (Laila et al.,
2022; Sugianto et al., 2023; Zahroh et al., 2023). Furthermore,
children can effectively resolve the challenges they encounter in their
lives.

According to Harwinanda (2018), initial numeracy ability refers
to the capacity to begin with one's immediate surroundings,
such as oneself, and then go to higher levels. When youngsters
develop the ability to identify numbers and comprehend the
concepts of addition and subtraction, this instructional game
incorporates a menu that fosters the development of

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Consequently, academics endeavor to create instructional games
that are structured as games built upon educational platforms
(Anjarwati et al., 2023; Latipun et al., 2022; Sefira et al., 2024). This
game facilitates the enhancement of children's cognitive capacities,
including acquiring innovative thinking patterns and expanding
information.

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Conclusion
The game consists of 5 levels that assess the difficulty level,
accuracy, memory, and reasoning skills. This game offers four
educational resources specifically designed for young children. The
initial stage involves filling in the word, followed by the subsequent
stage of numerical counting. The third level entails the challenge of
deducing the image, while the fourth level necessitates the
identification of various colors. Creating educational games aims to
enhance children's cognitive capacities, preparing them for advanced
elementary school.

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