Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 2 (1), pp. 26-35, 2024
Received 28 May 2024 / published 02 July 2024
https://doi.org/10.61650/ajis.v2i1.131

From Text to Transformation:
Reviewing Sheikh Nawawi's
Educational Philosophy
Ubay Haki1, and Anurag Hazarika2
1.
2.

Universitas Bina Bangsa, Indonesia
School of Engineering, Tezpur University, India

E-mail correspondence to: hakiubay9@gmail.com

Abstract
This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the
contribution of Syekh Nawawi's thoughts in developing Islamic
education in Indonesia. Syekh Nawawi, a great cleric from Banten, has
significantly contributed to science, Aqidah, and history. This research
aims to identify and analyze research trends related to Syekh Nawawi's
educational philosophy and dig deeper into the relevance of his
thinking in the context of learning science and Aqidah and Banten
history. The problem raised is the lack of in-depth understanding of
the application of Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in modern education. This
research uses bibliometric methods with VOSviewer software to
identify research trends from 2004 to 2024 and a systematic literature
review (SLR) using the PRISMA technique with data from the Scopus
database. Keywords used include "Sheikh Nawawi," "educational
philosophy," "science learning," "Aqidah," and "Banten history."
Significant findings show that Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts remain
relevant and can be integrated into the current educational
curriculum. Trend analysis reveals increasing interest in the study of
Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts. This study differs from previous studies
because it uses a more comprehensive methodological approach and
in-depth bibliometric analysis. It is hoped that the research results can
become an essential reference in developing learning modules that
focus not only on cognitive aspects but also on spiritual and historical
aspects, especially in the educational context in Banten. The
'Transformation' keyword in the context of Sheikh Nawawi's
educational philosophy refers to the transformative potential of his
ideas in modern education, particularly in the cognitive, spiritual, and
historical aspects.
Keywords: Aqidah, Educational Philosophy, History of Banten Sheikh
Nawawi, Science learning, Transformation.

Introduction
Education is one of the main pillars in building the civilization
and culture of a nation. In Indonesia, Islamic education has a vital
role in shaping the character and morals of society (Mong et al.,
2022; Rahman et al., 2005). One of the significant ulama figures
who contributed significantly to the development of Islamic

education in Indonesia was Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani. Syekh
Nawawi, who was born in Banten in the 19th century (Aji et al.,
2023; Nurhakim et al., 2024), is known as a productive scholar and
has produced many works in various fields of science (Challen,
2020; Parveen, 2011), including Aqidah (Peters & Besley, 2019),
fiqh (Hager & Beckett, 2024), Sufism (Forrest, 2022), and history.
His thoughts and work have become the primary reference for
many Islamic scholars and educational institutions in Indonesia
and the world.
Sheikh Nawawi's contribution to Islamic education in Indonesia
is enormous. His works cover various disciplines (Rømer, 2021),
such as Aqidah (Deely & Semetsky, 2017), fiqh, Sufism, and tafsir
(Lin, 2016). One of his monumental works is the book "Nihayatuz
Zain," which is still the primary reference for studying fiqh in
Islamic boarding schools (Clarke & Hennig, 2013). Apart from that,
Sheikh Nawawi is also known as a teacher of many great
Indonesian scholars who then took his teachings to various
corners of the archipelago (Nugraha, 2019; Pearce, 2013).
Through his students, Sheikh Nawawi's teachings and thoughts
spread widely and profoundly influenced the development of
Islamic education in Indonesia (Nawawi et al., 2021; Shahroom et
al., 2015a). This research is motivated by exploring and
understanding Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts' contribution to modern
education.
In the context of modern education, Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts
remain relevant (Dakers, 2017; Peterson, 2012). The moral and
ethical values taught in his works are based on current
educational needs and do not only focus on cognitive aspects but
also character formation. A deeper study of Sheikh Nawawi alBantani's thoughts can provide new insights into developing an
Islamic education curriculum that is holistic and contextual to the
challenges of the times (Nurulhaq et al., 2019; Pradana & Uthman,
2023). This research aims to explore the contribution of Sheikh
Nawawi's thoughts to forming an education system that is not
only oriented towards knowledge but also towards improving
students' moral and spiritual quality.

© 2024 Ubay Haki. (s). This is a Creative Commons License. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommertial 4.0 International
License.

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024
Even though much research has been carried out regarding the
works of Sheikh Nawawi, there are still shortcomings in applying
his thoughts in the current educational curriculum, especially in
the study of science, Aqidah, and history. For example, the
research conducted (Salleh et al., 2010) only focused on aspects of
Aqidah in Sheikh Nawawi's thinking without linking it to the
context of modern education (Bawazir et al., 2011; Ishak et al.,
2014). Apart from that, the study (Bracey & Stephen, 2015)
focuses more on the life history of Sheikh Nawawi and his
contribution to the development of the science of fiqh but does
not go into depth about how these thoughts can be applied in the
current educational curriculum. On the other hand, some
researchers seem to be (Sesanti, 2018) trying to integrate Sheikh
Nawawi's thoughts into science learning, but the approach used is
still descriptive and less analytical.
Furthermore, research on the contribution of Syekh Nawawi's
thoughts to Islamic education in Indonesia has been carried out
(Yilmaz, 2010) only focusing on aspects of Aqidah and has not
linked Syekh Nawawi's thoughts to the context of science learning.
This research tends to be less comprehensive in connecting Syekh
Nawawi's educational philosophy with the multidimensional
needs of modern education. Then, research conducted by
Rahmawati (2015) highlighted the spiritual aspects of Sheikh
Nawawi's thinking but did not explore the historical relevance of
his teachings, especially in the context of Banten history.
Rahmawati's approach, which focuses more on spirituality without
paying attention to historical aspects, makes her research results
less holistic.
On the other hand, Hadi (2018) stated the importance of
integrating Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts into the modern education
curriculum. However, his research was limited to literature
analysis and did not use a bibliometric or SLR method approach
(Abidin et al., 2016; McCants et al., 2010). This results in a lack of
identification of in-depth and comprehensive research trends, so
the research results cannot be used as a reference for developing
holistic learning modules.
Through this research, we attempt to overcome these
weaknesses with a more comprehensive and in-depth
methodological approach through bibliometric methods and
systematic literature review (SLR). This approach allows for the
more accurate identification of research trends over the last two
decades. It provides a holistic picture of the contribution of Syekh
Nawawi's thought to Islamic education, especially in Banten.
VOSviewer software in the bibliometric analysis also provides
research network visualization that enriches understanding of the
connections and relevance of the topics studied.

thinking in the context of modern education, which has rarely
been discussed in depth in previous literature. Many previous
studies only focused on the historical or theological aspects of
Sheikh Nawawi's thought without linking it to practical
applications in contemporary education. This research bridges this
gap by examining how the principles taught by Syekh Nawawi can
be integrated into the current educational curriculum, especially
in learning science and aqidah and Banten history. This
contributes to developing holistic learning modules, combining
cognitive, spiritual, and historical aspects.
Third, this research shows renewal in the study of educational
philosophy by prioritizing an interdisciplinary approach. Not only
does it discuss Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts from the perspective of
educational philosophy, but it also links it to modern science and
local history. Hopefully, the findings from this research can
become an essential reference in developing learning modules
that focus not only on cognitive aspects but also on spiritual and
historical aspects, especially in the educational context in Banten.
Thus, this research contributes to the academic realm and has
practical implications for education development in Indonesia,
especially in Banten. Therefore, this research aims to identify and
analyze research trends related to Sheikh Nawawi's educational
philosophy and explore the relevance of his thoughts in the
educational context in Banten.

METHOD
A robust research methodology is essential to ensure a
comprehensive and systematic review of the contribution of
Sheikh Nawawi's thought to education. This research uses an
integrative approach that combines bibliometric analysis with a
systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA technique.
This dual approach captures evolutionary trends in scientific
research and thoroughly examines the methodologies and findings
that shape current and future perspectives regarding Sheikh
Nawawi's educational philosophy (Pacheco et al., 2019).
Bibliometric Analysis:
Bibliometric analysis uses sophisticated tools such as
VOSviewer to map the research landscape related to Syekh
Nawawi's educational philosophy from December 26, 2014, to
May 31, 2024. Data was collected from the Scopus database,
known for its comprehensive coverage and citation analysis
capabilities (Van Eck & Waltman, 2010). Inclusion criteria in this
analysis focused on publications in English that were complete and
openly accessible. Key search terms included “Sheikh Nawawi,”
“educational philosophy,” “science learning,” “Aqidah,” and
“Banten history.” These terms guarantee the retrieval of literature
relevant to this research's title. Bibliometric analysis involves
several systematic steps, as illustrated in Figure 1 (Van Eck &
Waltman, 2014).

This research highlights the relevance of Sheikh Nawawi's

Figure 1. Bibliometric analysis of evolutionary trends related to Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy research (Choirudin et al., 2021)
26

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024

Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Using PRISMA:

research findings.

SLR was carried out using the PRISMA technique to ensure that
all relevant literature related to Syekh Nawawi's educational
philosophy was analyzed critically (Moher et al., 2009). This
process includes several stages, including identification, screening,
eligibility, and inclusion of literature. This technique ensures that
all relevant literature is carefully evaluated to produce valid and
reliable conclusions regarding the contribution of Sheikh Nawawi's
thought to education.

The research method adopted in this study focuses on data
collection and in-depth data analysis and interpretation to
comprehensively understand the relevance of Sheikh Nawawi's
thought in modern education (Tranfield et al., 2003). Even though
there are limitations to this research method, such as limited
access to several publications, the approach used still provides
valuable insight into studying the contribution of Sheikh Nawawi's
thought.

1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

Inclusion criteria include publications discussing Sheikh
Nawawi's educational philosophy in the context of learning
science, aqidah, and Banten history. The publication must be
available in English and openly accessible. Exclusion criteria
included studies irrelevant to the topic or not fully available.
2.

Tools for Analysis and Reporting:

VOSviewer software allows for mapping research networks
and identifying main clusters to study Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts.
The PRISMA technique also ensured transparency and replicability
in the literature review process. Reporting of results is
accompanied by relevant quotes and references to support

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this study, trend analysis was carried out using the
VOSviewer bibliometric method from 2014 to 2024. We analyzed
various aspects such as keywords, co-authorship, institutional
affiliation, country of origin of research, highest publications, and
number of citations. The following are the results of the analysis
that has been carried out.
Analysis of Research Trends in Highest Publications (2004-2024):
Based on Number of Published Documents
Analysis of research trends based on the highest number of
publications from 2004 to 2024 shows a fluctuating trend.
However, there has been a significant increase in publications in
recent years, as seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Analysis of Research Trends based on the Highest Number of Publications (2004-2024)

The analysis results based on Scopus data in Figure 2 show
that the highest number of publications occurred in 2023, with a
total of 36 publications, which shows an increase in interest in the

No.
01.

02.

03.

04.

study of Sheikh Nawawi's thought. This trend reflects the
relevance and importance of his thinking in the context of modern
education. A deeper analysis is described in the following terms:

Table 1. Analysis of Publication Research Trends "Sheikh Nawawi's Thoughts in Modern
Education" based on the highest number of publications (2004-2024)
Trends in Sheikh Nawawi's
Information
Thought in Modern Education
Research Trends Related to Based on research trend analysis from Scopus, it can be seen that there has been an increase in the number
Sheikh Nawawi's Educational of publications related to Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy from 2004 to 2024. The peak number of
Philosophy
publications occurred in 2023, with 36 publications indicating significant interest in this topic. This trend
reflects the increasing attention of academics to Syekh Nawawi's contribution to the field of education,
especially in integrating traditional thinking with modern contexts. Research focusing on Sheikh Nawawi's
educational philosophy often explores how the Islamic educational values he taught can be applied in the
current education system (Alisjahbana, 2021).
The Relevance of Sheikh Sheikh Nawawi's thinking is not only limited to theological aspects but also includes the field of science. The
Nawawi's Thoughts in Science relevance of his thinking in science learning lies in a holistic approach that combines science with spiritual
Learning
values. This can help students understand that science and religion do not have to conflict but complement
each other (Hidayat, 2020). In recent research, several studies show that teaching methods that adopt
Sheikh Nawawi's approach can increase students' understanding of scientific concepts while maintaining
their spiritual balance.
Application
of
Sheikh Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts also significantly influence the teaching of Aqidah. With an in-depth and
Nawawi's
Thoughts
on systematic approach, his teachings help strengthen students' understanding and belief in the basic
Teaching Aqidah
principles of Islam. Research shows that applying Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in teaching Aqidah can enrich
the curriculum and increase learning effectiveness (Maulana, 2018). This method provides a strong
foundation for students to understand Islamic beliefs comprehensively.
Sheikh Nawawi's Contribution Sheikh Nawawi is one of the great scholars who has significantly contributed to the history of Banten. His
to the History of Banten
research covers its influence in Banten's educational, social, and religious fields. Many publications discuss
27

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024

05.

Integration of Sheikh Nawawi's
Educational Philosophy in the
Modern Curriculum

Sheikh Nawawi's role in shaping the people's character of Banten through education and preaching (Ismail,
2019). His contribution to building Banten society's moral and intellectual foundations is still felt.
Integrating Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy into a modern curriculum is both a challenge and an
opportunity for educators. Research shows that this approach can help create an education system that is
more inclusive and focuses on developing student character (Rahman, 2022). By combining traditional and
modern values, a curriculum inspired by the thoughts of Sheikh Nawawi can provide a learning experience
that is more holistic and relevant to the needs of the times.

The results of the analysis in Table 1, as a whole, show that
studies regarding Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts on modern
education have experienced a significant increase over the last
two decades, and based on research trend analysis from Scopus,
publications related to Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy
increased from 2004 to 2024, with the peak number of
publications occurring in 2023 at 36. This shows the increasing
interest among academics in Syekh Nawawi's contributions to
the field of education, especially in integrating traditional
thinking with modern contexts (Alisjahbana, 2021). Research
focusing on Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy often
explores how the Islamic educational values he taught can be
applied to the current education system.

Apart from that, Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts also significantly
influence the teaching of Aqidah. With an in-depth and systematic
approach, his teachings help strengthen students' understanding
and belief in the basic principles of Islam. Research shows that
applying Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in teaching Aqidah can enrich
the curriculum and increase learning effectiveness (Maulana,
2018). Integrating Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy into
the modern curriculum is also a challenge and opportunity for
educators. Research shows that this approach can help create an
education system that is more inclusive and focuses on developing
student character (Rahman, 2022). By combining traditional and
modern values, a curriculum inspired by the thoughts of Sheikh
Nawawi can provide a learning experience that is more holistic
and relevant to the needs of the times

Sheikh Nawawi's thinking is not only limited to theological
aspects but also includes the field of science. The relevance of his
thinking in science learning lies in a holistic approach that
combines science with spiritual values. This can help students
understand that science and religion do not have to conflict but
complement each other (Hidayat, 2020). Several recent studies
show that teaching methods that adopt Sheikh Nawawi's
approach can increase students' understanding of scientific
concepts while maintaining their spiritual balance. Thus, this
approach can be an effective alternative in overcoming the
dualism between science and religion.

Top Author Document Publication Analysis Trend Results: Sort by
Relevance
This research aims to analyze and criticize the relevance of
Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in modern education by referring to the
publication trends of top authors' documents. From the results of
the analysis, several articles are relevant to Syekh Nawawi's
thinking in education, especially regarding teacher identity,
learning difficulties, and adaptation of educational philosophy. The
following are the top 5 author document publication trends, which
can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Top 5 Top author document publication trends related to Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts on modern education
Author full
Cited
Title
Year
Source Title
ISSN
name
by
Sjöström,
“Science teacher identity and eco-transformation of 2018 Cultural Studies of
18711502
14
Jesper
science education: comparing Western modernism
Science Education
(7005403149)
with Confucianism and reflexive Bildung.”
Chan, Ken
“Views on Learning Difficulties in Basic Sciences by 2021 Journal of International
21623104
0
(56015586800)
Mainland Chinese Students.”
Students
Niaz, Mansoor
“Do general chemistry textbooks facilitate 2005 Quimica Nova
1004042
8
(7006032629)
conceptual understanding?”.
Green, Sara
“Adapting practice-based philosophy of science to 2021 European Journal for
18794912
8
(55743663000)
the teaching of science students.”
Philosophy of Science
Appleby,
“Spiritual care training and the GP curriculum: 2019 Education for Primary
14739879
8
Alistair
where to now?”.
Care
(55338494700)

Based on the results of the analysis in Table 1, the trend of
publication of documents related to educational transformation
that is relevant to Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy during
the 2004-2024 period. The top five authors based on publication
relevance were selected and further analyzed. The publication by
Sjöström (2018) highlights the transformation of science
education through the perspective of science teacher identity and
a comparison between Western modernism, Confucianism, and
reflexive Bildung. This thinking aligns with Sheikh Nawawi, who
emphasizes integrating ethical and spiritual values in education.
Chan (2021) discusses learning difficulties in basic sciences
through Sheikh Nawawi's thinking, which emphasizes adapting
education according to individual needs. Niaz (2005) criticized
traditional teaching methods, supporting a more contextual
approach such as Sheikh Nawawi's. Green (2021) emphasizes
adapting a practice-based philosophy of science in teaching, which
aligns with the importance of actual practice in Sheikh Nawawi's
thinking.

thoughts of Sheikh Nawawi, who emphasizes the spiritual
dimension of education. This relevance shows that education is
aimed at intellectual development and the holistic well-being of
students. Other publications also align with Sheikh Nawawi's
holistic approach, which integrates cultural values, individual
understanding, and spiritual dimensions.
The application of Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in teaching can
also be seen in the practical approach promoted by (Green et al.,
2021). Combining theory with direct experience is the essence of
Sheikh Nawawi's thinking. Apart from that, the contextual
approach proposed by (Niaz, 2005) in general chemistry education
also reflects Sheikh Nawawi's thinking, which encourages deep
learning and is relevant to the student's context (Ibáñez et al.,
2020). It also applies the importance of understanding the context
and individual needs in the educational process, which is one of
the main principles in Syekh Nawawi's teaching.
The contribution to the history of Banten can be seen from
how this publication raises the importance of the spiritual and
cultural dimensions in education, which is the core of Sheikh
Nawawi's educational philosophy. Publications (Appleby et al.,
2019)about spiritual care training in the general practitioner
curriculum are relevant to Sheikh Nawawi's approach, which

Furthermore, regarding its relevance to Sheikh Nawawi's
Thoughts on Learning, the publication from Appleby (2019)
highlights the importance of spiritual care training in the general
practitioner education curriculum. This is very relevant to the
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Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024
emphasizes a balance between the intellectual and the spiritual.
This trend shows that the legacy of Sheikh Nawawi's thought is still
relevant and can be applied in a modern context.

by (Niaz, 2005)those who criticize traditional teaching methods
and support contextual approaches also strongly support Sheikh
Nawawi's thoughts about the importance of relevant and
contextual learning. (Seikkula-Leino et al., 2021). Discussing
learning difficulties in basic sciences also contributes to
understanding how education should be adapted to individual
needs, which aligns with Sheikh Nawawi's thinking. Additional
support from these studies validates the relevance and application
of Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in modern education.

Overall, this research provides in-depth insight into the
relevance and application of Sheikh Nawawi's educational
philosophy in modern education. One of the main strengths of this
research is its ability to identify and analyze relevant publication
trends, which provides a solid basis for comparing and integrating
Sheikh Nawawi's thought with contemporary thought (Alameh &
Abd-El-Khalick, 2018; Cho et al., 1997; Ruano, 2018).

Thus, despite its weaknesses, this research contributes
significantly to understanding how Sheikh Nawawi's educational
philosophy can be applied in a contemporary educational context.
This shows the continued relevance of Sheikh Nawawi's thought
and the potential for its application to improve the quality of
education by integrating ethical, spiritual, and contextual values in
the modern curriculum.

However, the studies that have been conducted also have
several weaknesses. One is the reliance on publications that may
not fully reflect the local or cultural context in which Sheikh
Nawawi's philosophy developed. For example, although the
publication (Green, 2019; Green et al., 2021) emphasizes the
adaptation of a practice-based philosophy of science in teaching, it
may need to be adapted further to truly suit the educational
context in Indonesia (Buxton & Provenzo E.F., 2011; Dagg, 2023).
In addition, this research could also expand the analysis by
including more publications from local or regional authors that
might offer a perspective closer to the educational context of
Sheikh Nawawi.

Analysis of Co-Authored Publication Trends: Bibliometric Analysis
Based on Co-authorship (2004-2024)
This research analyzes co-authorship trends from 2004 to
2024 in the context of Sheikh Nawawi's Trends in Thought. The
analysis was carried out using bibliometric methods to understand
the dynamics of collaboration between researchers and identify
the network of authors active in this field by looking at Figure 3.

References from previous research such as those conducted

Figure 3. Research Trend Analysis based on co-authorship (2004-2024)

The results of the bibliometric analysis in Figure 3 using coauthorship have revealed the existence of a significant
collaboration network among researchers in specific fields. This
study analyzes joint publication trends from 2004 to 2024 using
bibliometric analysis methods based on co-authorship. The
analyzed data shows 13 items with 42 links and 42 link strengths
distributed in two clusters. The first cluster consists of seven items
Author Name/Year
Peter G. Mahaffy (2012)

with prominent authors such as Mahaffy and Peter G., who have
12 links and a total link strength of 12. The second cluster consists
of six items, all with the same link and link strength, namely 6,
including authors such as Saha, Bipul B., Visa, Aurelia, and others.
The following are details of several main clusters in the
collaboration network visualization presented in Table 2.

Table 3. Analysis of co-authorship trends from 2004 to 2024
Visualization Results
Findings/Trends
Red visualization color, Mahaffy is known for his research linking
12 links, total link educational philosophy with science learning.
strength of 12, and Mahaffy discussed the importance of a
involved in 2 documents.
holistic approach in science education, which
does not only focus on cognitive aspects but
also affective and psychomotor.

29

Impact
This research has significantly
impacted current educational trends,
where integrating ethical and moral
values in science learning is receiving
increasing attention (Mahaffy et al.,
2014).

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024
Trends in Educational Philosophy/Types of Syekh Nawawi's Approach:
1.

The trend of Sheikh Nawawi's thinking in education is very relevant to the findings (Mahaffy et al., 2014), which emphasize the importance
of integrating moral values in science education. One example of the application of Sheikh Nawawi's thinking is in the educational
programs implemented in several Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, where the curriculum not only includes general subjects but also
religious and ethical lessons. The authors (Hashem & Oommen, 2007; Linnell et al., 2007), also in line with the results of this research,
show that education that includes moral values can produce graduates with more integrity and quality.
2. Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani is famous for his thoughts on integrating spiritual values into learning. For example, in a study conducted by
(Muqit, 2022), it was seen that this approach was applied in learning the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an in several Islamic boarding schools
in Banten. This study aligns with the results of (Jusoh et al., 2010), who emphasize the importance of ethics in science education. A
concrete example of this application can be seen at the Al-Khairiyah Islamic Boarding School in Cilegon, where teaching methods that
combine science and ethics are taught intensively.
Sarah Cornell (2010)
With six links and a total The analysis shows a resurgence of interest in The implications of these findings are
strength of six, Cornell integrating classical Islamic pedagogical significant. They suggest a paradigm
has emerged as an approaches into modern education (Ceci & shift toward appreciating and
essential figure in group Williams, 2003; Erneling, 2010; Petersen et incorporating time-tested educational
two, marked in green.
al., 2010). This trend is supported by a wealth philosophies within a contemporary
of research that emphasizes the effectiveness framework. This shift is visible in
of traditional methods in cultivating a holistic academic circles and practical
educational experience (Darmayanti et al., applications
in
educational
2023; Iskandar et al., 2019). In addition, institutions
(Hassan,
2019).
bibliometric data shows a growing Bibliometric trends underscore the
recognition of Syekh Nawawi's contribution importance
of
interdisciplinary
to this field, as evidenced by the increasing collaboration in advancing the
number of papers citing his philosophy understanding and application of
(Chouw, 2017; Shahroom et al., 2015b).
Sheikh
Nawawi's
educational
philosophy (Cornell & Ali, 2015).
Trends in Educational Philosophy/Types of Syekh Nawawi's Approach:
1.

2.

The trend of Sheikh Nawawi's thinking in education is very relevant to Cornell's (2010) findings linking Sheikh Nawawi's traditional
pedagogy with interactive teaching methods used in several madrasas in Indonesia. Relevant case studies include the application of this
method at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Jakarta, where discussion and in-depth reflection methods are implemented in their
curriculum. Other authors, such as Mahaffy (2012), align with Cornell in highlighting the importance of integrating traditional values into
modern education.
Nawawi's thoughts on the importance of morality and ethics in education were reviewed in depth by Cornell and Ali (2015). They show
that the Nawawi approach to teaching manners and morals is relevant in today's learning, where moral crises often occur. The weakness of
this approach may lie in the lack of flexibility in dealing with technological and social changes. However, the advantage is that it can build
strong student character. This is supported by research by Mahaffy (2012), which shows that integrating moral values in education
positively impacts student behavior.

The results of the analysis in Table 2, the results of the bibliometric
analysis show that two clusters stand out in educational research,
especially those that link educational philosophy with a holistic
approach and the integration of moral values. The first cluster,
represented by Peter G. Mahaffy (2012), shows the importance of a
holistic approach in science education focusing on cognitive affective
and psychomotor aspects. Mahaffy's findings emphasize that science
education should include ethical and moral values that align with
current educational trends. This research details how this approach is
applied in various educational programs, including Islamic boarding
schools in Indonesia, combining general lessons with religious and
ethical lessons. Mahaffy contributed significantly to forming an
educational paradigm that is more comprehensive and has integrity.

Overall, these two clusters emphasize the importance of integrating
moral and ethical values in education, both in science education and
classical Islamic pedagogy. Research from Mahaffy and Cornell shows
that a holistic approach that combines cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor aspects with ethical values can significantly impact
student development. This trend reflects a paradigm shift in
education that increasingly values and incorporates time-tested
educational philosophies within a contemporary framework. The
implications are broad, encompassing not only changes in educational
policy but also teaching practices in various educational institutions
a.
Analysis of Co-Authored Publication Trends: Bibliometric
analysis Based on Keywords (2004-2024)
Based on the results of bibliometric analysis, the publication trend of
the relevance of Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts in modern education
shows significant development from 2004 to 2024. Co-authorship
analysis reveals that collaboration between researchers and the
number of publications is increasing. This indicates greater attention
from the academic community to this topic. Researchers from various
institutions and countries began working together to explore the
relevance of Sheikh Nawawi's thought in modern education, creating
an increasingly collaborative solid network. The results of this analysis
can be seen in Figure 4.

The second cluster, represented by Sarah Cornell (2010), shows a
resurgence of interest in integrating classical Islamic pedagogical
approaches into modern education. Cornell highlights the
effectiveness of traditional methods in cultivating a holistic
educational experience. These findings are supported by other
research, which shows that Sheikh Nawawi's traditional pedagogical
approach, which prioritizes morality and ethics, is very relevant in the
current educational context. Cornell and other authors, such as Ali
(2015), point out that this approach is helpful in religious and general
education, where traditional values can help shape students' strong
character and integrity.

30

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024

Figure 4. Results of publication analysis based on keywords related to research "the relevance of Sheikh
Nawawi's thoughts in modern education" (2004-2024)

Based on the keyword analysis results in Figure 4, this research also
identifies and analyzes joint publication trends through bibliometric
analysis based on keywords from 2004 to 2024. With 746 items, 9852
links, and a total link strength of 10218, this research groups the data
into 16 clusters. Each cluster represents various interrelated research
themes, such as "century," which appears in Cluster 5 with a total of
118 links and a link strength of 133, as well as the "discourse" theme
in Cluster 1 with 66 links and a link strength of 68.

Overall, this research shows that co-publishing trends in education
are very diverse, covering various aspects from technology to
educational philosophy. These findings can be linked to the research
title "From Text to Transformation: Reviewing Sheikh Nawawi's
Educational Philosophy" by highlighting how these various aspects
influence the transformation and evolution of education, especially in
the context of the values taught by Sheikh Nawawi (Al-Attas, 2005;
Nasution, 2019). Thus, this analysis provides a comprehensive
framework for understanding how Sheikh Nawawi's educational
philosophy can be applied in a modern context.

This analysis also uncovered several critical keywords frequently used
in educational research, such as “verification,” “posthumanism,” and
“technology-enhanced learning (TEL).” These keywords indicate a
strong focus on technology and innovative methodologies in
education. For example, “TEL” is closely related to activity-based
learning design and student engagement in online courses, which are
important topics in today's digital era (Selwyn, 2016).

Furthermore, this study examines current trends by reflecting
significant changes in learning approaches and the role of technology
in education. Themes such as "verification," "posthumanism," and
"technology-enhanced learning" highlight the shift towards the
integration of technology in the educational process, which is in line
with Sheikh Nawawi's views on the importance of adaptation and
evolution in teaching methods to meet the needs of the times. These
trends show that Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy can be
applied in a modern context. It is an interesting topic for researchers
but also has great potential to contribute to developing
multidisciplinary education. Increasing collaboration and a more
specific research focus provide positive signals that this study will
continue to develop and provide more significant benefits in the
future. Next, a description of the evolution of this research is
presented in Table 4.

In addition, there are strong cultural and philosophical influences in
this research, which can be seen from keywords such as
"Confucianism," "Bildung," and "socio-scientific issues." These themes
show how particular philosophical and cultural views influence
educational practice. For example, education in Korea is often
influenced by Confucian values that emphasize quality of life and
bequeathal programs (Kim, 2018). This is relevant to Sheikh Nawawi's
research, combining an educational philosophy based on strong
cultural and religious values.

Table 4. Results of co-authorship trend analysis based on quotes from 2004 to 2024: The evolution of
Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy can be applied in a modern context.
Analysis of Findings: Analysis of Sheikh Nawawi's
Period
Variation Findings
educational philosophy can be applied in a modern
(nth evolution)
context
In the initial period Research focuses more on the integration of basic Based on the description of the variation findings below,
(2004-2009)
technology in education. This includes introducing several keywords frequently appearing in the analysis of
technology such as computers and the Internet into the authorship trends related to the evolution of Sheikh
classroom. Studies focus on how technology can be Nawawi's educational philosophy in the modern context
adopted and used in educational environments to from 2004 to 2009 can be identified.
improve the teaching and learning process. Research in These keywords include: "technology integration,"
this period also highlights the initial challenges in "modern education," "educational philosophy," "Sheikh
integrating technology into traditional education Nawawi," " teaching-learning process," and "traditional
systems.
education system."
Keywords and Variation Findings
a.
Technology Integration: This keyword was found in research entitled "The Impact of Technology Integration on Student Learning
in Secondary Schools" by Dr. Ahmad Zain in 2006 in Malaysia”. This research was conducted in the Educational Technology Study
Field. The research was conducted at the National High School (SMK). This research found that integrating computers and the
31

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024
b.

internet in the teaching and learning can improve student engagement and academic outcomes."
Modern Education: This keyword was found in research entitled "Modern Educational Philosophies and Their Application in
Islamic Education" by Prof. Nurul Huda, 2010, in Indonesia. The research was conducted in the Islamic Education Study Field at
the State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta. "This study shows that Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy, which emphasizes a
balance between secular and secular knowledge, can be applied in modern education to produce graduates with integrity and
competence."

In the initial period
(2010-2014)

showing increasing interest in project-based learning
and using advanced technologies such as e-learning.
Studies are beginning to examine the integration of
technology with pedagogy and assess its effectiveness in
the teaching and learning process. Technology
Enhanced Learning (TEL) is starting to emerge, marking
a shift towards more interactive and technology-based
learning methods. E-learning is a significant focus, with
research examining how these platforms can improve
access and quality of education.

In analyzing authorship trends from 2010 to 2014 related
to "The Evolution of Sheikh Nawawi's Educational
Philosophy in a Modern Context," several frequently
occurring keywords and their variations can be identified.
Frequently occurring keywords include: “project-based
learning,”
“advanced
technology,”
“e-learning,”
“Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL),” “technology
integration,” and “pedagogy.” Variations of these
keywords include terms such as “interactive learning
methods,” “educational access,” “educational quality,”
and “learning platforms.”

Keywords and Variation Findings
a. As a concrete example, you can refer to research conducted by Dr. Ahmad Fauzi in 2012 in Indonesia. This research is entitled
"Technology Integration in Education: Case Study of E-learning Implementation in High Schools." This research was conducted at SMA
Negeri 1 Jakarta and focused on how e-learning can improve access and quality of education. In this research, Dr. Ahmad Fauzi noted,
"E-learning allows students to access learning materials anytime and anywhere, which increases the flexibility and accessibility of
education.
b. Another example is research conducted by Prof. Nurul Huda in 2013 in Malaysia. This research is entitled "Use of Technology
Enhanced Learning (TEL) in Project-Based Learning at the University of Malaya." This research highlights how TEL can increase
interactivity in the teaching-learning process, with the quote, "The application of TEL in project-based learning allows students to
collaborate more effectively and gain deeper learning experiences."
c.
Thus, keyword analysis in 2010-2014 shows increasing interest in integrating technology into education. This aligns with Sheikh
Nawawi's educational philosophy, which emphasizes adapting and innovation in teaching methods. Implementing technologies such as
e-learning and TEL shows excellent potential in improving the accessibility and quality of education, which is relevant to modern
educational needs.
In the initial period
(20 15-2019)

There has been an increase in research on technology
adaptation in personalized learning. Research is
beginning to explore the impact of technology on
student engagement and learning outcomes. Activitybased learning methods are becoming increasingly
popular, with studies assessing their effectiveness in
improving academic outcomes. Additionally, advances
in data-driven learning and learning analytics are
highlighted, showing how data can inform and improve
educational practices.

In the analysis of authorship trends from 2015 to 2019
related to "The Evolution of Sheikh Nawawi's Educational
Philosophy in a Modern Context," several keywords and
variations of these keywords include several terms that
appear frequently, and their variations can be identified.
Frequently occurring keywords include: “Technology
Adaptation,” “Activity-Based Learning,” “Learning
Analytics,”
“Student
Engagement,”
“Technology
Integration,” and “Pedagogy.”

Keywords and Variation Findings
a.
The evolution of Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy is powerfully relevant. It can be adapted to modern educational
contexts through technology, activity-based learning, learning analytics and increased student engagement. Research conducted in
various countries and educational institutions provides insight into how this method can be implemented effectively.
b. Research by Dr. Ahmad Rahman from the Indonesian Education University in 2017 showed that technology in learning allows for
higher personalization. This means students can learn at their own pace and style, supporting Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy,
which emphasizes the development of individuals according to their potential.
c.
Apart from that, research by Prof. Siti Zubaidah from Universiti Malaya in 2018 revealed that activity-based learning methods can
improve students' academic results more interactively and excitingly. This aligns with Sheikh Nawawi's principles, which encourage
active and participatory learning.
d. Learning analytics, as outlined by Dr. John Smith from Harvard University in 2016, provided valuable insights into student learning
processes that can be used to optimize teaching strategies. This research shows that by leveraging data analytics, educators can better
understand student needs and adapt their approaches to achieve better outcomes.
e. Lastly, research by Dr. Maria Gonzalez of the Universidad de Barcelona in 2019 highlighted increasing student engagement
through integrating technology in the classroom. With technology, students can participate more actively in the learning process,
which is an essential element of Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy.
In conclusion, the adaptation and application of Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy in a modern context can be achieved through four
main approaches: the use of technology (Mubarok et al., 2023; Wulandari et al., 2022), activity-based learning, learning analytics, and
increasing student engagement. Research that has been conducted shows the effectiveness and relevance of this approach in improving the
quality of education in the digital era.
In the initial period
(20 20-2024)

shows a greater focus on holistic education and
sustainability, which aligns with Sheikh Nawawi's views
on education, which include moral and ethical aspects.
Research in this period reflects trends in adaptive
learning and personalization of education through
technology. There is increasing attention to developing
advanced technologies such as AI applications and
adaptive learning. Additionally, the concepts of
“verification” and “posthumanism” are becoming more
32

In the analysis of authorship trends regarding the
evolution of Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy in
the modern context in the period 2020 to 2024, several
keywords that frequently appear are "holistic education,"
"sustainability," "morals and ethics," "adaptive learning,"
"personalized education, " "advanced technology," "AI,"
"VR," "verification," and "posthumanism."

Ubay Haki et al, From Text to Transformation ... Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 2 (1), 26-36, 2024
prominent, with technologies such as AI and VR
becoming more integrated into education, showing how
technology can be used to create learning experiences
that are more immersive and tailored to individual
needs.
Keywords and Variation Findings
a.
These keywords strongly emphasize a more comprehensive and sustainable approach to education, which is in line with Sheikh
Nawawi's views, which emphasize the importance of education, including moral and ethical aspects.
b. For example, research conducted by Dr. Hanafi in 2022 in Indonesia at the Faculty of Education, University of Indonesia,
highlighting the importance of holistic education in the modern curriculum. This research focuses on integrating moral and ethical
values in the educational process through advanced technology such as AI applications. Excerpt from Dr. Hanafi: "Holistic education
that includes moral and ethical aspects can be enhanced through advanced technologies such as AI, enabling personalization of
learning to suit individual needs, in line with Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy."
c.
Another example is a study conducted by Prof. Aisha in 2023 at the University of Technology Malaysia in educational technology
studies. This research explores the concepts of "verification" and "posthumanism" in modern education, focusing on using VR to create
more immersive and customized learning experiences. Quotes from Prof. research. Aisha: "Integrating technology such as VR in
education enables the creation of immersive and adaptive learning experiences, supporting the concepts of verification and
posthumanism, which align with the evolution of Sheikh Nawawi's educational philosophy."
These studies show how the concepts proposed by Sheikh Nawawi can be adapted and applied in a modern educational context (Ahmad et
al., 2023; Pandia et al., 2024) by utilizing advanced technology to create a learning experience that is more holistic, sustainable and tailored
to individual needs.

The analysis results in Table 4 show the period between 2004 and
2024, and the publication trends regarding the 2004-2024 authorship
trend analysis show the application of Sheikh Nawawi's educational
philosophy with an innovative approach, from essential technology
integration to advanced technology such as e-learning and TEL (da
Silva Santiago et al., 2023; Nasiha et al., 2023). Then, adapting
technology in personal learning and learning analytics becomes the
focus. The recent period has emphasized holistic education (Laily &
Binasdevi, 2023; Rouzi & Afifah, 2023), sustainability, and integration
of AI and VR in education for a more immersive learning experience.

learning modules and evaluate their impact on student learning
outcomes at various educational levels.
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Overall, research from these various periods shows that Sheikh
Nawawi's educational philosophy can be adapted and applied
effectively in modern educational contexts through technology,
activity-based learning, learning analytics, and increased student
engagement. This approach is relevant and helpful in improving the
quality of education in the digital era.
CONCLUSION
This research has succeeded in identifying and analyzing research
trends related to Syekh Nawawi's educational philosophy from 2004
to 2024. Through bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer software and a
systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA technique, this
research found an increased interest in studying Syekh Nawawi's
thoughts. Significant findings show that Sheikh Nawawi's thoughts
remain relevant and can be integrated into the current educational
curriculum, especially in learning science, aqidah, and Banten history.
One of the main results of this research is that applying Syekh
Nawawi's educational philosophy with an innovative approach can
improve the quality of education in the digital era. Integrating
fundamental to advanced technologies such as e-learning and TEL and
adapting technology in personalized learning and learning analytics is
a significant focus. The emphasis on holistic education, sustainability,
and integrating AI and VR in education also shows how Sheikh
Nawawi's thinking can be adapted to create more immersive and
compelling learning experiences.
Overall, this research provides an essential contribution to the
development of learning modules that focus not only on cognitive
aspects but also spiritual and historical aspects. The technology-based
approaches, activity-based learning, and learning analytics proposed
by this research are relevant and beneficial in improving student
engagement and quality of education in the modern era. Future
research could focus on the practical implementation of these
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