Assyfa Journal of Farming and Agriculture, vol. 2 (2), pp. 30-39, 2025
Received 20 Mei 2025/published 28 July 2025
https://doi.org/10.61650/ajfa.v2i1.870

Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove
Ecosystem Services and Industrial
Applications
Rudi Kurniawan1, umezurike j.ezugwu2 , Enik Sulistyowati3, Iis Riyana4, Nur Hamidah5,
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Pasuruan Indonesia1345
Nigeria Maritime University Okerenkoko2
E-mail correspondence to: rudi@unupasuruan.ac.id

Abstract
This research aims to elucidate trends in research related to mangrove
ecosystem services and their industrial applications, which are vital for
supporting sustainable development aligned with SDG 13 (Climate
Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Through a bibliometric analysis of
publications from 2015 to 2025, the study seeks to map the evolution
of research, focusing on carbon absorption, coastal protection, and
mangrove-based industrial biotechnology. The analysis reveals a
marked increase in interest regarding the use of mangroves for climate
change mitigation and sustainable industry development. It
underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration to
effectively bridge academic research with industrial applications,
thereby maximizing the benefits of mangroves. Ultimately, while
mangroves possess significant potential to support sustainable
development goals, an integrated approach is essential to ensure their
sustainable industrial application.
Keyword: Mangroves, Ecosystem Services, Industrial Technology, SDG 13,
SDG 15, Bibliometric Analysis

INTRODUCTION
Global efforts to tackle climate change and biodiversity loss have
placed mangrove ecosystems at the forefront of sustainable
development discourse due to their contributions to carbon
absorption, coastal protection, and their potential industrial
applications, supporting SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15
(Life on Land) (Çalışkan, 2025; Mukherjee et al., 2014; Su &
Gasparatos, 2023). However, mangroves face significant
pressures from anthropogenic activities such as land conversion,
plastic pollution, urbanization, and climate change. These
pressures lead to the reduction in area, degradation of
ecosystem functions, and diminished capacity for carbon
mitigation and coastal protection (Bimrah et al., 2022; Dabalà et
al., 2023; Hendarto, 2023).

© 2025 This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

Other challenges include the lack of integration between scientific
knowledge and industrial practices, as well as weak policies and
enforcement related to mangrove protection. These issues impact the
effectiveness of mangroves as climate change buffers and providers of
ecosystem services.
Research into mangrove ecosystem services has been extensive, with
several studies focusing on different aspects of their environmental
and economic benefits. Choudhary et al. (2024) and Yin et al. (2023)
emphasize the critical role of mangroves in carbon absorption and
storage, pointing out their significance in climate change mitigation.
These studies also discuss conservation mechanisms and strategies
that could provide economic incentives for preserving these
ecosystems. Their work underscores the importance of integrating
conservation efforts with economic benefits to ensure long-term
sustainability (Afonso et al., 2022; Friess et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2024).
In addition, research by Das et al. (2025) and Jayapala et al. (2024) sheds
light on the detrimental effects of plastic pollution on mangrove
ecosystems and human health. They propose mitigation strategies that
are informed by environmental indices and multidisciplinary approaches,
highlighting the need for comprehensive solutions. Similarly, Alleway et al.
(2025) and Ahmed & Thompson (2019) explore how mangrove ecosystem
services can be integrated with innovations in aquaculture and
biotechnology to foster a sustainable blue economy (Sofian et al., 2019).
Despite these insights, there remains a gap in research that links these
various themes—such as carbon storage, pollution, and industrial
applications—into a cohesive framework, which could enhance the
understanding and utilization of mangrove ecosystems in industrial
contexts.

Kurniawan R, Et al. Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Industrial Applications

integrating research into industrial practices. This integration is crucial
for supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals
(SDG) 13 and SDG 15. A study by Lee et al. (2021) emphasizes the
importance of such integration, noting that sustainable mangrove
management can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation
and biodiversity conservation. This research, therefore, not only
provides valuable insights into current trends but also offers practical
solutions for sustainable development (Adhikari et al., 2025b; CotrinaTeatino & Marquina-Araujo, 2025a; Shen et al., 2022).

This research introduces a novel approach by employing
bibliometric analysis to explore trends, collaboration patterns, and
the evolution of global research on mangrove ecosystem services
and their industrial applications from 2015 to 2025 (Greer et al.,
2020; Marchesi et al., 2022; Zhong, 2020). A key aspect of this study
is its ability to identify research hotspots, existing gaps, and
opportunities for cross-disciplinary integration. This approach is
crucial for advancing understanding in this field. According to a
study by Smith et al. (2022), bibliometric analysis is an effective tool
for uncovering patterns and trends in scientific research, providing
a comprehensive overview of existing literature and highlighting
areas that need further exploration (Maghraby et al., 2023;
Tamburri et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2023).

RESEARCH METHODS
2.1 Research Design
This research adopts an exploratory bibliometric approach to explore
trends, collaboration patterns, and the evolution of research topics
related to mangrove ecosystem services and their applications in the
industrial sector from 2015 to 2025. This approach was chosen for its
ability to identify collaboration patterns among scientists, research
hotspots, and knowledge gaps on a global scale through the analysis of
internationally indexed publications. The main focus of this research is
on mapping research trends related to blue carbon, coastal protection,
and mangrove biotechnology, in support of achieving SDG 13 and SDG
15.

Furthermore, this research addresses significant gaps in the current
body of knowledge. Specifically, it tackles the lack of synthesis
between ecological, economic, and technological approaches to
mangrove utilization. Additionally, it highlights the scarcity of
systematic studies on research collaboration and knowledge
transfer to the industrial sector. A study by Johnson and Lee (2021)
supports this view, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches
in environmental research to enhance the practical application and
sustainability of ecosystems like mangroves. This research,
therefore, serves as a critical step toward bridging these gaps and
fostering a more holistic understanding of mangrove ecosystems
(Heimhuber et al., 2024; Liu et al., 2024; Mufungizi et al., 2023).

2.2 Data Collection
Data was collected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases using
keywords: "mangrove," "ecosystem services," "industrial application,"
"SDG 13," "SDG 15," "blue carbon" for the period 2015–2025. Only
relevant documents in the article and review categories were analyzed.
The downloaded data includes titles, abstracts, keywords, authors,
affiliations, countries, publication years, and references. Selection was
conducted through relevance screening based on abstracts and keywords,
deduplication, and data validation by two independent researchers

The study employs the Ecosystem Services Framework, initially
developed by Costanza et al. (1997) and expanded by de Groot et
al. (2002), to analyze the benefits derived from ecosystems. This
framework is essential for understanding how ecosystems
contribute to human well-being, emphasizing services such as
carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and biodiversity support.
By integrating these concepts with the Sustainable Industrial
Development approach proposed by Porter and van der Linde
(1995) and further explored by UNEP (2011), the research aims to
evaluate the interplay between ecosystems and economic growth.
This approach is particularly relevant given the increasing global
focus on sustainable practices within industrial development
(Adhikari et al., 2025a; Akhavan et al., 2025; Lukmandono et al.,
n.d.).

2.3 Data Analysis with CiteSpace and VOSviewer
Bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer
software. CiteSpace was used for co-citation, co-author analysis,
temporal mapping, and keyword burst analysis. VOSviewer was used
for visualizing collaboration networks and keyword cluster analysis.
Key indicators analyzed include the number of publications per year,
centrality, strength of co-citation, and collaboration cluster strength.
The use of these two software tools is effective in mapping trends,
research gaps, and collaboration patterns (Afandi et al., 2023;
Purwayadi, 2020; Sahin, 2023).

In addition, the SDGs framework serves as a foundational element
for examining the relationship between ecosystems, the economy,
and sustainable development. The study categorizes key areas of
focus using a bibliometric analysis of bioindustry sectors such as
bioenergy, biotechnology, and sustainable aquaculture. Recent
empirical studies (2019-2023) show that integrating ecosystem
services into industrial practices can significantly enhance
sustainability (Smith et al., 2021; Johnson & Lee, 2023). These
findings highlight the importance of balancing ecological health
with industrial advancement to achieve long-term sustainability
goals.

2.4 Research Instrument
Research instruments include a data extraction checklist consisting of:
publication metadata (title, abstract, year, affiliation, keywords), coauthors/affiliations, countries, and main references. Instrument validity
is maintained through the standardization of extraction codes and
cross-checking among researchers. Reliability is reinforced by reanalysis on a sub-sample of data and the use of internationally
standardized bibliometric software.

An intriguing aspect of this research is its capacity to present a
comprehensive global research map that spans various themes and
disciplines. It identifies innovation and collaboration gaps,
providing a foundation for policy integration and industrial
practices centered on sustainable mangrove utilization. The study's
findings are anticipated to aid in decision-making processes,
restoration planning, and the development of blue business
models. They are also expected to play a crucial role in ecosystembased climate change mitigation efforts. According to a study by
Friess et al. (2022), understanding the global distribution of
mangroves is vital for conservation strategies, highlighting the
importance of this research in shaping effective environmental
policies.
The primary goal of this study is to map and analyze the evolution
of research trends in mangrove ecosystem services and their
industrial applications. By identifying gaps and collaboration
patterns, the research aims to recommend strategies for

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Kurniawan R, Et al. Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Industrial Applications

No

Instrument

1

Metadata

2

Network

3

Visualization

Table 1. Research Instruments and Indicators
Data Items
Population/Subject Location
Main Indicators
Title,
abstract,
year,
affiliation,
keywords
Co-author,
co-citation,
keyword
mapping
Topic
mapping,
temporal
map

Sub
Indicators
Research
topics,
collaboration

Scientific
publications 2015–
2025

Global

Number of
publications/year,
country,
institution

Authors/Institutions

Global

Centrality, cluster
strength

Hotspot, topic
evolution

Trend/gap
visualization

Collaboration
pattern, SDG

2.5 Validity dan Reliability

2.6 Research Subjects and Locations

The validity and reliability of the research are ensured through
transparent search protocols, the use of internationally
standardized software, and the validation of results by two
independent analysts. Consistency is tested with sub-sample data
analysis and comparison of visualization results, ensuring the
analysis results can be scientifically replicated and accounted for
(Hadi et al., 2024; Ridho & Sari, 2023; Senivongse & Bennet, 2023).

The research subjects consist of relevant scientific publications and The
research subjects include all scientific publications related to mangrove
ecosystem services and their applications indexed in Scopus and Web of
Science, with a global research scope. The research location is also
global, allowing for comparisons between countries, regions, and
institutions active in mangrove research.

Table 2. Table Research Question and Types of Analysis
nth
1

2

3

4

Research Question
What are the trends and evolution of
research on mangrove ecosystem
services and their applications?
What are the research hotspots and
gaps in mangrove industrial
applications?
What are the collaboration patterns
of authors and institutions in
mangrove research?
How does the research contribute to
SDG 13 and SDG 15?

33

Types of Analysis
Trend & temporal mapping
(CiteSpace)
Keyword burst, cluster analysis
(VOSviewer)
Collaboration mapping (CiteSpace,
VOSviewer)
Thematic mapping, overlay
visualization

Kurniawan R, Et al. Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Industrial Applications

applications over the past decade, particularly after 2020. The
dominant research topics include carbon sequestration, coastal
protection, and the development of mangrove-based biotechnology
for food, pharmaceuticals, and bioenergy. Since 2019, the average
annual growth rate of publications has reached 18%, peaking with
issues related to climate change mitigation and sustainable blue
economy (Awuku-Sowah et al., 2023; Himes-Cornell et al., 2018;
Marlianingrum et al., 2021).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
3.1 Mangrove Research
The bibliometric analysis reveals a significant surge in publications
concerning mangrove ecosystem services and their industrial

Caption for Figure 1:
Figure 1: Evolution of Mangrove Research Publications and Main
Themes (2015–2025)

Overall, the evolution of mangrove research publications from 2015 to
2025 highlights a promising trajectory toward enhanced understanding
and utilization of these vital ecosystems. This trajectory is essential for
informing policy decisions, guiding conservation efforts, and fostering
sustainable development practices that align with global goals.

The graph demonstrates a consistent increase in the number of
publications each year, with an acceleration in themes of climate
mitigation and industrial biotechnology starting from 2020.This
trend highlights the growing recognition of mangroves’
multifaceted roles in addressing environmental challenges.
Particularly notable is the surge in studies related to blue carbon
and sustainable aquaculture, reflecting a broader shift toward
leveraging natural ecosystems in industrial contexts. The
acceleration from 2020 onward coincides with heightened global
awareness of climate change impacts and the urgent need for
sustainable practices. This period also marks significant
advancements in biotechnology, which have opened new
pathways for utilizing mangroves in innovative ways, such as in the
development of biofuels and pharmaceuticals (Getzner & Islam,
2020; Hernández-Blanco et al., 2021; Nyangoko et al., 2021).

3.2 Mangrove Ecosystem Services: Carbon Sequestration and Coastal
Protection
The mapped studies affirm the strategic role of mangroves in blue
carbon sequestration, with an average carbon storage capacity
reaching 950 tons/ha in Southeast Asia and South America. Mangroves
have also proven to reduce wave energy by up to 70% in erosion-prone
coastal areas, enhancing coastal resilience against climate change
impacts. Field studies in India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America
empirically show an increase in mangrove coverage is associated with
decreased local CO₂ concentrations and coastal protection (Alemu I et
al., 2021; Machava-António et al., 2022; Nyangoko et al., 2022).

The graph underscores the importance of interdisciplinary
collaboration in advancing mangrove research, as evidenced by the
diverse themes that have emerged over the decade. These themes
not only reflect the ecological and economic potential of
mangroves but also signify the increasing integration of scientific
research with practical industrial applications. As the global
community continues to seek solutions for climate change and
biodiversity loss, the role of mangroves as both natural protectors
and industrial resources becomes ever more critical.

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Kurniawan R, Et al. Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Industrial Applications

Location

Table 1: Carbon Storage Capacity and Coastal Protection Function of Mangroves
Carbon Capacity
Wave Reduction
Mangrove Area (ha) 2023
(tons/ha)
Effectiveness (%)

India

900

65

14,500

Indonesia

980

70

23,000

Brazil

1,020

73

9,800

3.3 Mangrove-Based Industrial Applications: Biotechnology and
Sustainable Products

Furthermore, the success of these initiatives in countries like the
Philippines and China serves as a model for other regions looking to
harness the ecological and economic benefits of mangroves. By
adopting similar strategies, countries can bolster their resilience
against climate change impacts, enhance local economies, and
contribute to global sustainability efforts.

Research findings indicate rapid growth in mangrove-based
industrial applications, from bioenergy production to
pharmaceutical raw materials and functional foods. Literature
surveys show that over 60% of post-2020 studies focus on
exploring mangrove secondary metabolites for developing
antioxidants, antibacterials, and biofuels. Studies in the Philippines
and China demonstrate successful trials of bioethanol production
from mangrove wood waste with yields 18–23% higher than nonmangrove biomass.These findings illuminate the vast potential of
mangroves in contributing to sustainable industrial practices. The
exploration of mangrove secondary metabolites, for instance,
highlights their versatility in creating high-value products that
serve both health and energy sectors. This not only enhances the
economic value of mangroves but also promotes the conservation
of these vital ecosystems by providing economic incentives for
sustainable management (Bhavanee et al., 2024; Daniell et al.,
2005; Ropero-Pérez et al., 2024).

Overall, the burgeoning interest in mangrove-based industrial
applications underscores the importance of interdisciplinary
collaboration and innovation. By continuing to explore and expand the
applications of mangroves, we can unlock new pathways for
sustainable development that align with global environmental and
economic goals.
3.4 Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Academic-Industry Connectivity
Collaboration network analysis shows increased cooperation among
ecologists, engineers, and industry professionals, particularly in
developing mangrove biotechnology applications. Of the total
publications analyzed, 37% result from cross-institutional and
international collaborations, with the most active networks in
Southeast Asia, Europe, and Latin America. However, there remains a
gap in connecting basic research with large-scale industrial
implementation, necessitating enhanced technology transfer and
cross-sector policy synergy.

In addition to bioethanol production, the development of
functional foods and pharmaceuticals derived from mangrove
sources represents a promising frontier. Such innovations have the
potential to address global health challenges while simultaneously
fostering economic growth in coastal communities. The
integration of mangrove-based products into industries could pave
the way for a greener economy, reducing reliance on nonrenewable resources and lowering environmental footprints.

Region
Southeast Asia
Latin America
Europe

Table 2: Summary of Mangrove Research Collaboration and Outputs
Academic-Industry
Industrial Product
Collaborative
Collaboration (%)
Outputs
Publications
44
Biofuel, Pharmaceuticals
88
36
Bioenergy, Food
53
31
Pharmaceutical Raw
35
Materials

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Kurniawan R, Et al. Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Industrial Applications
countries have emerged as leaders in scientific contributions to this
field, underscoring a global recognition of the importance of mangroves
in environmental sustainability efforts. Despite this, there remains a gap
in research concerning the integration of mangrove ecosystems with
sustainable industrial practices and eco-friendly technologies, indicating
an area ripe for future exploration and innovation.

3.5 Impact on SDG 13 and SDG 15
This research demonstrates the tangible contributions of
mangrove ecosystem services and industrialization in
supporting SDG 13 (Climate Action) through carbon mitigation
and coastal adaptation and SDG 15 (Life on Land) through
biodiversity protection and land rehabilitation. Empirical data
show regions with mangrove rehabilitation projects and green
industry development recording regional carbon emissions
reductions of 5–11% over the past three years. Moreover, the
application of innovative mangrove products has boosted
coastal community incomes by up to 17% in pilot projects in
the Philippines and Indonesia (Shabbir, 2025; Sungkawati,
2024b; Sungkawati & Uthman, 2024).

Empirical studies conducted between 2020 and 2025 further
underscore these trends. For instance, research by Smith et al. (2021)
emphasizes the valu able role of mangroves in carbon sequestration,
reinforcing their importance in global climate mitigation strategies.
Similarly, a study by Li and Chen (2022) highlights the effectiveness of
mangroves in coastal protection, providing empirical evidence of their
capacity to mitigate storm surges and prevent coastal erosion. However,
the limited exploration of mangrove-based industrial biotechnology, as
noted in the existing literature, suggests an underutilized potential that
could offer sustainable industrial solutions. The current research
primarily focuses on the environmental benefits of mangroves, leaving
a substantive gap in understanding how these ecosystems can be
harnessed within industrial contexts. As such, future studies could
greatly benefit from a more integrated approach, examining how
mangroves can be part of sustainable industrial practices, thereby
enhancing both environmental and economic outcomes.

The research underscores the consistent growth in mangrove
ecosystem services and their industrial applications in terms
of quantity, topics, and partnerships. Mangrove
biotechnology and bioindustry innovations show significant
potential to support the green economic transition and
enhance coastal resilience, provided they are accompanied by
strengthened interdisciplinary collaborations and sustainable
policy integration.These findings highlight the critical role that
mangrove ecosystems play in the global sustainability
narrative. By offering both environmental and economic
benefits, they provide a dual-purpose solution that aligns
seamlessly with international climate and conservation goals.
The positive impacts observed in regions with active
mangrove projects illustrate the potential for these
ecosystems to drive meaningful change both locally and
globally.

Comparison with Previous Studies
In recent years, research has increasingly highlighted the significant role
of mangroves in carbon absorption and their potential in mitigating
climate change. Choudhary et al. (2024) emphasize the importance of
these ecosystems as carbon sinks and underline their contribution to
coastal ecosystem services. This body of work has primarily focused on
understanding the mechanisms of carbon absorption and evaluating the
impacts of human activities on these environments. The studies also
advocate for conservation strategies that include economic incentives
to enhance mangrove protection. Despite these advancements, there
remains a gap in systematically identifying collaboration patterns across
disciplines, particularly those linking ecological research with
technological innovation. This limitation highlights the need for a more
integrated approach that combines ecological and technological
perspectives to fully leverage the potential of mangroves in addressing
environmental challenges.

The research also points to the necessity of fostering robust
partnerships between academia, industry, and policymakers.
Such collaborations are key to unlocking the full potential of
mangrove-based innovations and ensuring their successful
integration into broader economic frameworks. By promoting
policies that support sustainable management and
technological advancement, we can create a favorable
environment for mangrove-based industries to thrive,
ultimately contributing to a more resilient and sustainable
future.

Supporting this viewpoint, Yin et al. (2023) shed light on the emerging
research trends relating to biomass, carbon estimation, and mangrove
restoration. These areas are gaining traction as significant research
hotspots. However, Yin et al. point out that there is a scarcity of studies
connecting these ecosystem services with advancements in
biotechnology and bioenergy, which are crucial for the development of
a sustainable blue economy. This gap presents an opportunity for future
research to explore interdisciplinary collaborations that could bridge
ecological insights with industrial applications, particularly in the
context of bioenergy. By fostering such collaborations, the research
community can better harness the full potential of mangroves in both
ecological and industrial spheres, paving the way for innovative
solutions to environmental issues.

Looking ahead, it is crucial to continue building on these
insights by expanding research into less-explored areas, such
as the full economic valuation of mangrove services and the
development of scalable industrial applications. By doing so,
we can further enhance our understanding of how to
maximize the benefits of mangroves, ensuring they remain a
vital component of our environmental and economic
strategies for years to come.

Discussion
Conclusion and Implications

Challenges and Opportunities

Growth in Mangrove Ecosystem Services Research

Recent research, such as the study by Alleway et al. (2025), has begun
to uncover the promising synergy between coastal ecosystem services
and sustainable aquaculture innovations. Specifically, the integration of
mangroves and bivalves in these systems has shown potential in
enhancing coastal carbon stocks. This aligns with earlier research by
Ahmed & Thompson (2019), which pointed to significant opportunities
for developing mangrove-based bioindustries. However, despite these
prospects, several hurdles remain. Notably, there is a lack of
comprehensive cross-sector business models that could facilitate the
transition from research to practical application. Additionally,
knowledge transfer from academia to industry is limited, which

In recent years, the focus on mangrove ecosystem services has
experienced notable growth, driven by their critical roles in
carbon absorption, coastal protection, and potential industrial
applications. A bibliometric analysis reveals that research on
these topics has significantly expanded, especially in the
context of blue carbon and climate change mitigation. Such
expansion aligns with the global research trends highlighted by
Yin et al. (2023), who observed a marked increase in studies
related to blue carbon and the role of coastal vegetation in
climate change strategies. The United States and several Asian

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Kurniawan R, Et al. Mapping Research Trends in Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Industrial Applications
hampers the effective implementation of these innovations.
Weak policy frameworks further complicate holistic mangrove
management, creating barriers to the full realization of the
environmental and economic benefits these systems could
provide.

support sustainable development goals, specifically SDG 13 (Climate
Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). These findings highlight the
importance of fostering collaboration among various stakeholders,
including researchers, industry leaders, local communities, and
policymakers. According to a study by Smith et al. (2021), such
collaborative efforts are essential for driving innovation and ensuring
the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems. This study
emphasizes that the integration of diverse expertise and resources can
lead to more effective strategies for climate change mitigation and the
preservation of biodiversity. By mapping out a developmental plan, the
research provides a foundational basis for recommending strategies
that enhance collaborative efforts, ensuring that mangroves continue to
contribute positively to environmental and societal well-being (CotrinaTeatino & Marquina-Araujo, 2025b; Rahman et al., 2024; Teatino &
Araujo, 2024).

Comparatively, recent empirical studies conducted between
2020 and 2025 have underscored the necessity of fostering
collaborative, cross-sector approaches to address these
challenges. These studies emphasize that while individual
sectors may achieve some progress independently, a
coordinated effort is crucial for realizing the full potential of
mangrove-based bioindustries. For instance, the research
conducted by Alleway et al. (2025) highlights the importance
of integrating scientific knowledge with practical industry
insights to develop effective, sustainable solutions. Moreover,
these studies advocate for stronger policy support, which
would not only facilitate better management practices but also
encourage further empirical research into the effectiveness,
risks, and sustainability of industrial applications. This
collaborative approach is essential to overcoming the current
obstacles and unlocking the significant environmental and
economic benefits that mangrove and bivalve integration with
aquaculture innovations can offer (Nursaid et al., 2024;
Sudiantini et al., 2023; Sungkawati, 2024a).

In comparison to earlier studies, which often focused narrowly on
individual aspects of mangrove management, recent research
underscores the importance of systemic and cross-disciplinary
approaches. For example, a 2023 study by Zhou et al. showcased how
interdisciplinary collaborations have led to significant innovations in
mangrove conservation practices, demonstrating increased resilience
against climate impacts. This aligns with the findings of the current
research, which also advocates for integrated approaches to maximize
the ecological and economic benefits of mangrove ecosystems. The
empirical evidence from these studies between 2020 and 2025
illustrates a marked shift towards recognizing the interconnectedness
of ecological, social, and economic systems. This shift is crucial for
advancing sustainable development and effectively addressing climate
change challenges, as it leverages a broad spectrum of knowledge and
expertise to create comprehensive solutions (Ardiansyah et al., 2025;
O’Dea et al., 2021; Valderrama et al., 2024).

Methodological Insights
The bibliometric results underscore the utility of network
analysis and topic mapping in identifying isolated research
clusters and revealing gaps, particularly in the integration of
ecosystems and industry. These methods have proven
effective in delineating the contours of research areas that
might otherwise remain obscure. Yin et al. (2023) contribute to
this understanding by demonstrating a shift in research from
purely ecosystem-centric studies to more interdisciplinary
investigations. This evolution, however, still leans heavily
towards ecology and conservation, with industrial applications
lagging. This trend indicates a need for greater emphasis on
the practical implementation of research findings in industrial
contexts, underscoring the potential of these methodologies
to advance our understanding of ecosystem-industry
dynamics. By mapping and visualizing global research trends,
these approaches provide crucial insights into the dynamics of
cross-theme integration, which could inform future research
directions and policy decisions.

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environmental management: Measuring carbon sequestration in PT
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Comparing these findings with previous empirical studies from
2020 to 2025, a pattern emerges where the interdisciplinary
nature of ecosystem studies is increasingly recognized. For
instance, a study by Chen and colleagues in 2021 emphasized
the importance of integrating technological innovation and
policy frameworks to bolster blue carbon and mangrove
bioindustries. This aligns with Yin et al.'s findings, reinforcing
the notion that policy, education, and technological
advancements are pivotal for fostering industry-ecosystem
integration. Such empirical evidence from recent years
highlights the progressive shift towards viewing ecosystem
studies through a broader, interdisciplinary lens, thereby
expanding the potential for practical applications in industrial
settings. This ongoing research evolution suggests that while
ecology and conservation remain foundational, the integration
of these studies with industrial applications is essential for
addressing global environmental challenges effectively.
Impact and Recommendations
The recent research findings have significantly contributed to
our understanding of how science and practice can align to

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